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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
change in the direction of propagation of a sound wave transmitted across an interface where the speed of sound varies |
refraction |
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sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer |
pulsed wave doppler |
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an easy and effective way to measure heart rate, recorded as beats per minute (bpm) |
pulse |
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the amount of time the piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation |
pulse duration |
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ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmittal beam as the sound wave travels through tissue in the body |
time gain compensation |
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convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood |
oximetry
|
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speed of the ultrasound wave; determined by tissue density |
velocity |
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change in frequency of a reflected wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer's beam |
frequency shift |
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refers to observable and measurable signs of life |
vital signs |
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special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electrical impulses into sound waves |
crystal |
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minimum distance between two objects located side by side at which they can be displayed as separate objects |
lateral resolution |
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one transducer continuously transmits sound, and one continuously receives sound; used in high velocity flow patterns |
continuous wave doppler |
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device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils |
nasal cannula |
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the product of the velocity of sound in a medium and the density of that medium |
acoustic impedance |
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unit of frequency; equal to 1 cycle per second |
hertz |
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normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in the center of the vessel is faster than it is at the edges |
laminar flow |
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shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping |
dyspnea |
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is the study of generating, propagating, and receiving sound waves |
principles of acoustics
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unit is used to measure the intensity (strength), amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave |
decibel |
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any device that converts energy from one form to another |
transducer |
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array has a large diameter with multiple rings of focus |
annular array |
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rate at which images are updated on the display; dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection |
frame rate |
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analysis of the entire frequency spectrum |
spectral analysis |
|
1000 Hz |
Kilohertz (kHz) |
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a limit when technical artifacts that occur when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds the sampling view |
aliasing |
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spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged |
apnea |
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exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90 mmHg |
isolated systolic hypertension |
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region over which lateral resolution is at its most accurate |
? |
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ability of the system to accurately depict motion |
temporal resolution |
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array activates a limited group of adjacent elements to generate each pulse |
linear |
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represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public |
patient-focused care |
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reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium |
attenuation |
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process of inhaling and exhaling air |
respiration |
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surface forming the boundary between media having different properties |
interface |
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contact with or bites from an insect or animal are a type of _______ transmission |
vector |
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the angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is the |
doppler angle |
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surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall |
ostomy |
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_____ and ______ of the medium is determine how fast sound waves will travel through it |
stiffness
density
|
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the practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein |
intravenous therapy |
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the higher number is the _______ pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body |
systolic |
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supplies electrical signals to the transducer for producing sound beam |
transmitter |
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determines the strength of the pulse transmitted into the body |
power output |
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basic infection control guidelines used to recude the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection, droplet infection, and contact infection |
standard precaution |
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refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects |
axial resolution |
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a national standard created to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information |
HIPAA |
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mode displays time and movement, especially in cardiac structures |
motion or (m) mode |
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imagine provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body |
real-time |
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refers to the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles |
body mechanics |
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B-mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B-mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different echo amplitudes |
gray scale |
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hospital acquired infection |
nonocomial infection |
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1,000,000 Hz |
megahertz |
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amount of change in the returning frequency compared with the transmitting frequency when the sound wave hits a moving target such a blood in the artery |
doppler shift |
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ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another |
resolution |
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sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed doppler |
gate |
|
one of the most common arrhythmias |
tachycardia
bradycardia
|
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ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing that is greater than ______ and _______ |
20 Hz (hertz) and 20 kHz (kilohertz) |
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list three qualities of a good sonographer |
1. possess intellectual curiousity and performance
2. must have technical aptitude
3. able to communicate on different levels |
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sound is the result of mechanical energy that produces alternating ______ and ______ of conducting medium as it travels as a wave |
compression
rarefaction |
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a transducer converts ______ energy into _____ energy |
electrical
mechanical |
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the time required to produce each cycle depends on the _______ of the transducer |
frequency |
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normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at _____ m/sec |
1540 |
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lateral resolution is determined by _____ _____ |
beam width |
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if the gain is set too ______, artifactual echo noise will be displayed throughout the image |
high |
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when the Nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called _______ occurs |
aliasing |
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lifting should be done using the ____ ____muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion |
strong leg |
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the most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper _______ _______ |
hand washing |
|
name four airborne diseases: (4) |
1. tuberculosis 2. measles 3. chicken pox 4. shingles |
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name the six droplet diseases (6): |
1. mumps 2. measles (rubella) 3. whooping cough (pertussis) 4. pneumoia 5. meningitis (specific forms) 6. strep throat
|
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Name one of the most serious contact diseases |
MRSA |
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When transferring patients with IVs, sonographers should |
never lower the IV bag below the level of the heart |