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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

change in the direction of propagation of a sound wave transmitted across an interface where the speed of sound varies

refraction

sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer

pulsed wave doppler

an easy and effective way to measure heart rate, recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

pulse

the amount of time the piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation

pulse duration

ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmittal beam as the sound wave travels through tissue in the body

time gain compensation

convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

oximetry


speed of the ultrasound wave; determined by tissue density

velocity

change in frequency of a reflected wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer's beam

frequency shift

refers to observable and measurable signs of life

vital signs

special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electrical impulses into sound waves

crystal

minimum distance between two objects located side by side at which they can be displayed as separate objects

lateral resolution

one transducer continuously transmits sound, and one continuously receives sound; used in high velocity flow patterns

continuous wave doppler

device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

nasal cannula

the product of the velocity of sound in a medium and the density of that medium

acoustic impedance

unit of frequency; equal to 1 cycle per second

hertz

normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in the center of the vessel is faster than it is at the edges

laminar flow

shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping

dyspnea

is the study of generating, propagating, and receiving sound waves

principles of acoustics


unit is used to measure the intensity (strength), amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave

decibel

any device that converts energy from one form to another

transducer

array has a large diameter with multiple rings of focus

annular array

rate at which images are updated on the display; dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection

frame rate

analysis of the entire frequency spectrum

spectral analysis

1000 Hz

Kilohertz (kHz)

a limit when technical artifacts that occur when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds the sampling view

aliasing

spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged

apnea

exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90 mmHg

isolated systolic hypertension

region over which lateral resolution is at its most accurate

?

ability of the system to accurately depict motion

temporal resolution

array activates a limited group of adjacent elements to generate each pulse

linear

represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public

patient-focused care

reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium

attenuation

process of inhaling and exhaling air

respiration

surface forming the boundary between media having different properties

interface

contact with or bites from an insect or animal are a type of _______ transmission

vector

the angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is the

doppler angle

surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall

ostomy

_____ and ______ of the medium is determine how fast sound waves will travel through it

stiffness



density


the practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein

intravenous therapy

the higher number is the _______ pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body

systolic

supplies electrical signals to the transducer for producing sound beam

transmitter

determines the strength of the pulse transmitted into the body

power output

basic infection control guidelines used to recude the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection, droplet infection, and contact infection

standard precaution

refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects

axial resolution

a national standard created to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information

HIPAA

mode displays time and movement, especially in cardiac structures

motion or (m) mode

imagine provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body

real-time

refers to the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles

body mechanics

B-mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B-mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different echo amplitudes

gray scale

hospital acquired infection

nonocomial infection

1,000,000 Hz

megahertz

amount of change in the returning frequency compared with the transmitting frequency when the sound wave hits a moving target such a blood in the artery

doppler shift

ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another

resolution

sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed doppler

gate

one of the most common arrhythmias

tachycardia



bradycardia


ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing that is greater than ______ and _______

20 Hz (hertz) and 20 kHz (kilohertz)

list three qualities of a good sonographer

1. possess intellectual curiousity and performance



2. must have technical aptitude



3. able to communicate on different levels

sound is the result of mechanical energy that produces alternating ______ and ______ of conducting medium as it travels as a wave

compression



rarefaction

a transducer converts ______ energy into _____ energy

electrical



mechanical

the time required to produce each cycle depends on the _______ of the transducer

frequency

normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at _____ m/sec

1540

lateral resolution is determined by _____ _____

beam width

if the gain is set too ______, artifactual echo noise will be displayed throughout the image

high

when the Nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called _______ occurs

aliasing

lifting should be done using the ____ ____muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion

strong leg

the most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper _______ _______

hand washing

name four airborne diseases: (4)

1. tuberculosis


2. measles


3. chicken pox


4. shingles

name the six droplet diseases (6):

1. mumps


2. measles (rubella)


3. whooping cough (pertussis)


4. pneumoia


5. meningitis (specific forms)


6. strep throat


Name one of the most serious contact diseases

MRSA

When transferring patients with IVs, sonographers should

never lower the IV bag below the level of the heart