Intro To Sociology Chapter 6

Front 1

Social Stratification

Back 1

the layering of groups of people within a nation

Front 2

4 systems of stratification

Back 2

1. slavery
2. caste
3. clan
4. class

Front 3

Slavery

Back 3

ownership of people by others

Front 4

Slavery based on one of three facts

Back 4

1) debt
2) a violation of the law
3) war and conquest

Front 5

Indentured services (or bonded labour)

Back 5

a fuzzy line between contract and slavery; people whose passage to another country was paid for in exchange for labour; they paid their transportation costs by serving tier master for a specified period of time

Front 6

a caste system

Back 6

a process of placing people in occupational groups

Front 7

endogamy

Back 7

marriage within their own group
- prohibit intermarriage

Front 8

clan system

Back 8

every individual is linked to a large network of relatives

Front 9

clan

Back 9

an extended network of relatives

Front 10

class system

Back 10

a form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions

Front 11

Social mobility

Back 11

movement up or down the social-class ladder

Front 12

global stratification

Back 12

in all systems, people are sorted into categories and given different access to the good thins available in their society—always favour males

Front 13

Karl Marx & The Means of Production

Back 13

concluded that social class depends on a single factor: people’s relationship to the means of production

Front 14

means of production

Back 14

the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth

Front 15

class consciousness

Back 15

a common identity based on their position in the means of production

Front 16

false consciousness

Back 16

workers mistakenly identifying with capitalist and their interests

Front 17

Max weber & Social Class

Back 17

social class is made up of 3 components {3 Ps of social class}:
1. property
2. prestige
3. power

Front 18

Property (or wealth)

Back 18

is significant in determining a person’s standing in society

Front 19

Prestige

Back 19

often derived from property since people tend to look up to the wealthy

Front 20

Power

Back 20

able to control others, even over their objections

Front 21

Intersectionality

Back 21

the interrelationships among various inequalities

Front 22

Social Class

Back 22

a large group of people who rank closely to one another in wealth, power, and prestige

Front 23

3 different ways of measuring social class

Back 23

1. Subjective method
2. Reputational method
3. Objective method

Front 24

Subjective method

Back 24

involves asking people what their social class is

Front 25

Reputational method

Back 25

people are asked what class others belong to on the basis of their reputations

Front 26

Objective method

Back 26

researchers rank people according to objective criteria such as wealth, power, and prestige

Front 27

Three components of social class

Back 27

1.wealth
2.power
3.prestige

Front 28

wealth

Back 28

primary dimension of social class
- consists of property & income

Front 29

power

Back 29

the ability to carry out your will in spite of resistance

Front 30

prestige

Back 30

respect or regard

Front 31

4 elements of prestige

Back 31

1. They pay more
2. They require more education
3. They entail more abstract thought
4. They offer greater autonomy

Front 32

status consistency

Back 32

ranking high in all 3 dimensions of social class

Front 33

status inconsistency

Back 33

ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others; a contradiction or mismatch b/w statuses

Front 34

Melvin Tumin

Back 34

the first sociologist to point out what he saw as major flaws in the functionalist position

Front 35

Melvin Tumin developed 4 major arguments

Back 35

1. How is the importance of a position measured?
2. If stratification worked according to functionalist theory,society would be a meritocracy (all positions would be awarded on the basis of merit)
3. the functionalist view places too much emphasis on money and fringe benefits
4. if social stratification is functional, it ought to benefit almost everyone

Front 36

divine right of kings

Back 36

the idea that the king’s authority came directly from God

Front 37

social networks

Back 37

the social ties that link people

Front 38

Wright identified 4 classes

Back 38

1. capitalists
2. petty bourgeois
3. managers
4. workers

Front 39

capitalists

Back 39

business owners who employ many workers

Front 40

petty bourgeois

Back 40

small business owners

Front 41

managers

Back 41

who sell their own labour but also exercise authority over other employees

Front 42

workers

Back 42

who simply sell their labour to others

Front 43

three basic types of social mobility

Back 43

1. intergenerational
2. structural
3. exchange mobility

Front 44

Intergenerational mobility

Back 44

adult children ending up on a different rung of the social class ladder than their parents—a change that occurs b/w generations

Front 45

Upward Social Mobility

Back 45

movement up the social class ladder

Front 46

Downward Social Mobility

Back 46

movement down the social class ladder

Front 47

Structural mobility

Back 47

movement up or down the social-class ladder that is attributable to changes in society, not to individual efforts

Front 48

Exchange mobility

Back 48

about the same number of people moving up and down the social class ladder, such that, on balance, the social class system shows little change

Front 49

Low income cut-offs (LICOs)

Back 49

indicate the income thresholds at which families spend 20 percentage points more than the average family on food, shelter, and clothing

Front 50

Low income measures (LIMs)

Back 50

are used for international comparisons since they are not influenced by inflationary trends

Front 51

the market basket measure (MBM)

Back 51

is determined by combining cost of purchasing a nutritious diet (as specified by health Canada), a basket of clothing and footwear for family of to adults and two children, shelter and r

Front 52

Feminization of poverty

Back 52

the global tendency for adult women to outnumber men among the impoverished population; this tendency is embedded in women’s traditional roles in the family and the economy

Front 53

culture of poverty

Back 53

the assumption that the values and behaviours of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics on to their children