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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main branches of science?
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social science and natural science
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What are the three main branches of natural science?
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Biological, Physical, and Earth
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What does natural science try to understand?
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nature (which really means the whole universe)
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What is another name for life science?
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biology
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What are the two main branches of physical science?
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chemistry and physics
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What is chemistry?
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the study of matter and its changes
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What science deals with energy and forces?
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physics
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How do science and technology depend on each other?
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Technology is the application of science. Technology involves someone finding a use for a scientific discovery.
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Compare and contrast a scientific law and a scientific theory.
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Scientific laws and theories are supported by repeated observations. A law does not explain why something happens; a theory does.
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How is a scientific model used?
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A model is used to study or make predictions about the object or situation the model represents.
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Compare quantitative and qualitative descriptions.
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Quantitative descriptions use numbers. Qualitative desciptions use words.
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What is the scientific method?
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a series of logical steps to follow in order to solve problems
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What is critical thinking?
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applying logic and reason to observations and conclusions
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How do most scientific questions begin?
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observations
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How do scientists test a hypothesis?
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by doing experiments
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What is a variable?
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anything that can change in an experiment
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If an experiment does not give you the results you wanted, is it a failure?
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No, you can use the results to revise the hypothesis and plan a new experiment that tests a different variable.
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What must a scientist know about the special tools that are used?
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A scientist must know how to use the tools, what the limits of the tools are, and how to interpret the data from them.
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What is the system that scientists use for measurement?
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The International System of Units (abbreviated SI)
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Why do all scientists use the same system of measurement?
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It makes sharing data and results much easier.
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How many SI base units are there?
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seven
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What is the SI base unit for length?
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the meter (m)
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What is the SI base unit for mass?
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the kilogram (kg)
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What is a derived unit?
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A combination of base units.
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What is the meaning of the prefix milli-?
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one-thousandth
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What is the meaning of the prefix centi-?
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one hundredth
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What is the meaning of the prefix kilo-?
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thousand
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What is the meaning of the prefix mega-?
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million
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What is the meaning of the prefix giga-?
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billion
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All of the SI prefixes are multiples of what number?
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ten
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A conversion factor is always equal to what number?
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one
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What is the relationship between millimeters and meters?
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1000 mm = 1 m
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What is the relationship between centimeters and meters?
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100 cm = 1 m
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What is the realtionship between meters and kilometers?
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1000 m = 1 km
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Define length.
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the straight-line distance between any two points
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Define mass.
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a measure of the quantity of matter in an object
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Define volume.
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a measure of space
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Define weight.
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the force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter
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In the lab, what is used to measure the volume of liquids?
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a graduated cylinder
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What is equal to one cubic centimeter?
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one milliliter (mL)
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What kind of data is best displayed as a line graph?
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continuous change
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Describe the kind of data that is best displayed as a pie chart.
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parts of a whole
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When would a bar graph be useful?
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when you want to compare data for several individual items or events
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Where will you usually find the independent variable on a line graph?
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on the x-axis (horizontal)
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Where will you usually find the dependent variable on a line graph?
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on the y-axis (vertical)
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Compare the independent variable to the dependent variable.
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You choose the independent variable but the dependent variable depends on what happens in the experiment.
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Define scientific notation.
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a value written as a simple number multiplied by a power of ten
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Why do scientists use scientific notation?
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when they need to express numbers that are very large or very small
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What is a precise measurement?
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a measurement that is as exact as possible
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What does it mean to say that a measurement is accurate?
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a measurement is accurate when it is close to the true value
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When you use measurements in calculations, how precise is your answer.
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the answer is only as precise as the least precise measurement used in the calculation
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Define significant figures.
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the digits in a measurement that are known with certainty
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Why do scientists express data with significant figures?
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significant figures tells others how precisely a measurement was made
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 0.007504 kg
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there are four...all three zeros to the left of the 7 are not significant
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 7500 mL
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there are only two...the only way there would be four is if the last zero was followed by a decimal point (7500.)
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 568.291 m
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there are six...all nonzero digits are significant
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 101 mm
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there are three...any zeros between significant digits are also significant
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 2350. cm
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there are four...any zeros to the right of a significant digit and to the left of a decimal point are significant
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 18.420 g
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there are five...if a measurement is reported that ends with zeros to the right of a decimal point, those zeros are significant
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How many significant figures are there in the following measurement? 0.0002 mm
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there is only one...if a value has no significant digits to the left of a decimal point, any zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the left of a significant digit are not significant
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