Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Psychological Disorder
|
Mental process and/or behavior that causes emotional distress and/or substantial impairment in functioning.
|
|
|
DSM-IV-TR,2000
|
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. A manual published by the American Psychiatric Association which describes the criteria used to classify and diagnose mental disorders.
|
|
|
What criteria can be used to determine whether behavior is abnormal.
|
Is behavior considered strange within the persons own culture.
Does behavior cause personal distress is the behavior maladaptive? Is the person a danger to self or others? Is the person legally responsible for his/her own acts |
|
|
biological perspective
|
views abnormal behavior as arising from a physical cause, such as genetic inheritance , biochemical abnormalities or imbalances, structural abnormalities with in the brain , and/or infection
|
|
|
bio psychosocial perspective
|
agree that physical (biological) causes are of central importance but also recognizes the influence of psychological disorders. both drugs and therapy are used for treatment
|
|
|
psycho dynamic perspective
|
maintains that psychological disorders stem from early childhood experiences and unresolved, unconscious conflicts, usually of a sexual or aggressive nature
|
|
|
learning perspective
|
psychological disorders are thought to be learned and sustained in the same way as any other behavior.
|
|
|
cognitive perspective
|
suggests that faulty thinking or distorted perceptions can contribute to some types of psychological disorders
|
|
|
anxiety disorder
|
Psychological disorders characterized by frequent fearful thoughts about what might happen in the future.
|
|
|
panic attack
|
An episode of overwhelming anxiety, fear or terror.
|
|
|
Agoraphobia
|
An intense fear of being in a situation from which escape is not possible or in which help would not be available if one experienced overwhelming anxiety or a panic attack
|
|
|
generalized anxiety disorder
|
An anxiety disorder in which people experience chronic, excessive worry for 6 months or more
|
|
|
panic disorder
|
An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring, unpredictable episodes of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror
|
|
|
phobia
|
A persistent, irrational fear of some specific object, situation, or activity that poses little or no rel danger.
|
|
|
social phobia
|
An irrational fear and avoidance of any social or performance situation in which one might embarrass or humiliate one-self in front of others by appearing clumsy, foolish , or incompetent
|
|
|
specific phobia
|
a marked fear of a specific object or situation: a general label for any phobia other than agoraphobia and social phobia
|
|
|
obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD)
|
an anxiety disorder in which a person suffers from recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions
|
|
|
obsession
|
A persistent, involuntary thought, image, or impulse that invades consciousness and causes great distress
|
|
|
compulsion
|
A persistent, irresistible, and irrational urge to perform and act or ritual repeatedly
|
|
|
claustrophobia and acrophobia
|
Situational phobias
|
|
|
mood disorders
|
Disorders characterized by extreme and unwarranted disturbances in emotion or mood.
|
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
a mood disorder marked by feelings of great sadness, despair, and hopelessness as well as the loss of the ability to experience pleasure.
|
|
|
bipolar disorder
|
a mood disorder in which manic episodes alternate with periods of depression, usually with relatively normal periods in between.
|
|
|
manic episodes
|
a period of excessive euphoria, inflated self esteem, wild optimism, and hyperactivity, often accompanied by delusions of grandeur and by hostility if activity is blocked.
|
|
|
Risk Factors for mood disorders
|
- Neurological Correlates of Mood Disorders
- Heredity - Stressors - Gender - Culture |
|
|
What are risk factors of suicide
|
- race
- gender - age |
|
|
psychosis
|
A condition characterized by loss of contact with reality
|
|
|
schizophrenia
|
a severe psychological disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality , hallucinations , delusions, inappropriate or flat affect , some disturbance in thinking, social withdrawal, and/or other bizarre behavior
|
|
|
hallucination
|
an imaginary sensation
|
|
|
positive symptoms
|
abnormal behaviors that are present in people with the disorder positive means added not "good"
|
|
|
delusion
|
A false belief, not generally shared by others in the culture
|
|
|
delusion of grandeur
|
A false belief that one is a famous person or a powerful or important person who has some great knowledge, ability or authority.
|
|
|
delusion persecution
|
A false belief that some person or agency is trying in some way to harm one.
|
|
|
paranoid schizophrenia
|
a type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of grandeur or persecution
|
|
|
derailment
|
loosening of associations tht is evident when a person with schizophrenia does not follow one line of thought to completion but on the basis of vague connections, shifts from one conversation to another in conversation or writing
|
|
|
disorganized behavior
|
a positive symptom can include such things as childlike silliness, inappropriate sexual behavior,disheveled appearance, and peculiar dress
|
|
|
inappropriate affect
|
their facial expressions,tone of voice,and gestures do not reflect the emotion that would be expected under the circumstance
|
|
|
negative symptom
|
a loss of or deficiency in thoughts and behaviors that are characteristics of normal functioning: social withdrawal, loss of motivation, very limited speech,slowed movements, poor problem solving, distorted sense of time.
|
|
|
flat affect
|
showing practically no emotion response at all even though they report feeling the emotion. Speak in monotone, act and move like robots than humans
|
|
|
disorganized schizophrenia
|
the most serious type marker by extreme social withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, silliness, inappropriate laughter, grotesque mannerisms, and other bizarre behavior
|
|
|
catatonic schizophrenia
|
A type characterized by complete silliness or stupor or great excitement and agitation; patients may assume an unusual posture and remain in it for long periods of time.
|
|
|
undifferentiated schizophrenia
|
a catchall term used when schizophrenia symptoms either do not conform to the criteria of any one type of schizophrenia or conform to more than one type
|
|
|
Constitutional vulnerability
|
aspects of a individuals congenital ( at birth) risk of developing schizophrenia that are attributable to factors with in the person. example is males are more likely to develop schizophrenia that females
|
|
|
dissociative fogue
|
a form of amnesia
|
|
|
psychosomatic
|
a laypersons term to refer to physical disorders of psychological orgin
|
|
|
somatoform disorder
|
disorders in which physical symptoms are present that are due to psychological causes rather than any known medical condition
|
|
|
hypochondria sis
|
a somatoform disorder in which persons are preoccupied with their health and fear that their physical symptoms are a sign of some serious disease, despite reassurance from doctors to the contrary
|
|
|
conversion disorder
|
a somatoform in which a person suffers a loss of motor or sensory functioning in some part of the body; the loss had no physical cause but solves some psychological problem
|
|
|
dissociative disorder
|
disorder in which, under unbearable stress, consciousness becomes dissociated from a persons identity or her or his memories of important personal events, or both
|
|
|
dissociative amnesia
|
a dissociative disorder in which there is a complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experience
|
|
|
dissociative fugue
|
FEWG a dissociative disorder in which ones complete loss of memory of one's entire identity, travel away from home, and may assume a new identity
|
|
|
dissociative identity disorder
|
(DID) a dissociative disorder in which two or more distinct, unique personalities occur in the same person, and there is severe memory disruption concerning personal information aout other personalities
|
|
|
host personality
|
the personality in control of the body the largest percentage of the tme
|
|
|
alter personalities
|
differs radically in intelligence, speech,accent, vocabulary, posture,body language,hairstyle,taste in clothes,handwriting and sexual orientation
|
|
|
sexual disorders
|
disorders with a sexual basis that are destructive, guilt or anxiety producing compulsive, or a cause of discomfort or harm to one or both parties
|
|
|
paraphilias
|
sexual disorders in which recurrent sexual urges, fantasies,or behavior involve non human objects, children, other non consenting persons, or the suffering or humiliation of the individual or his or her partner
|
|
|
gender identity disorder
|
sexual disorder characterized by a problem accepting one's identity as a male or female
|
|
|
personality disorder
|
a long-standing inflexible, maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others. which usually begins in early childhood or adolescence.
|
|
|
Cluster A
|
Paranoid - highly suspicious, untrusting
Schizoid - isolates from others, resembles autistic children Schizotypal - dresses unusually, lacks social skills |
|
|
Cluster B
|
Narcissistic- self centered, arrogant, demanding, lack empathy
Histrionic - overly dramatic, shallow, demanding, manipulative, crave excitement Borderline - unstable in mood, behavior ,social relationships, intense fear of abandonment, impulsive reckless behavior Antisocial- aggressive, impulsive, irresponsible, fails to hold jobs |
|
|
Cluster C
|
Obsessive- Compulsive - doing things the "right way " perfectionist
Avoid ant - fear criticism, rejection Dependent - fearing abandonment , clingy to others |
|
|
psychotherapy
|
any type of approach that uses psychological rather than biological means to treat psychological disorders
|
|
|
insight therapies
|
approaches to psychotherapy based on the notion that psychological well-being depends on self-understanding
|
|
|
psycho dynamic therapies
|
attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a patients current difficulties
|
|
|
psychanalysis
|
The fist psychodynamic therapy, which was developed by Freud and uses free association, dream analysis and transference
|
|
|
free association
|
a psychoanalitic technique used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind
|
|
|
antidepressant drugs
|
Drugs that act as mood elevators for severely depressed people and are also prescribed to treat some anxiety disorders
|
|
|
antipsychotic drugs
|
Drugs used to control severe psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior, by inhibiting dopamine activity; also known as neuroleptics
|
|
|
aversion therapy
|
A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a harmful or socially undesireable behavior until the behavior becomes associated with pain or discomfort
|
|
|
behavior modification
|
An approach to therapy that uses learning principals to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive responses
|
|
|
behavior therapy
|
A treatment approach that is based on the idea that abnormal behavior is learned and that applies the principals of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and/or observational learning to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive behaviors
|
|
|
biomedical therapy
|
A therapy ( drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery) that is based on the assumption that psychological disorders are symptoms of underlying physical problems
|
|
|
cognitive therapy/
|
A therapy designed by Aaron Beck to help clients stop their negative thoughts as they occur and replace them with more objective thoughts.
|
|
|
cognitive therapies
|
Therapies that assume maladaptive behavior can result from irrational thoughts,beliefs, and ideas
|
|
|
couple therapy
|
Therapy involving intimate partners in which behavior change or partners' emotional response to each other or both are the focus of the treatment.
|
|
|
culturally sensitive therapy
|
An approach to therapy in which knowledge of clients' cultural backgrounds guide the choice of therapeutic interventions
|
|
|
directive therapy
|
Any type of psychotherapy where the therapist take an active role in determining the course of the therapy sessions and provides answers and suggestions to the patient; an example Gestalt Therapy
|
|
|
electro convulsive therapy (ECT)
|
A biological therapy in which an electric current is passed through the right hemisphere of the brain; usually reserved for the severely depressed patients who are suicidal.
|
|
|
exposure and response prevention
|
A behavior therapy that exposes patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder to stimuli that trigger obsessions and compulsive rituals, while patients resist performing the compulsive rituals for progressively longer periods of time.
|
|
|
family therapy
|
Therapy involving the entire family, with the goal of helping family members reach agreement on changes that will help heal the family unit, improve communication problems, and create more understanding and harmony within the group.
|
|
|
flooding
|
A behavior therapy bsed on classical conditioning and used to treat phobias by exposing clients to the feared object or event ( or asking them to imagine it vividly) for an extended period , until their anxiety decreases
|
|
|
free association
|
A psychoanalytic technique used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind.
|
|
|
gender-sensitive therapy
|
An approach to therapy that takes into account the effects of gender on both the therapists and the clients behavior
|
|
|
Gestalt Therapy
|
A therapy that was originated by Fritz Perls and that emphasizes the importance of clients fully experiencing, in the present moment, their feeling, thoughts, and actions and then taking responsibility for them.
|
|
|
group therapy
|
A form of therapy which several clients meet regularly with one or more therapists to resolve personal problems.
|
|
|
humanistic therapies
|
psychotherapies that assume that people have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.
|
|
|
insight therapies
|
Approaches of psychotherapy based on the notion that psychological well-being depends on self-understanding
|
|
|
interpersonal therapy
|
A brief psychotherapy designed to help depressed people better understand and cope with problems relating to their interpersonal relationships
|
|
|
lithium
|
A drug used to treat bipolar disorder which with proper dosage reduces both maniac and depressive episodes
|
|
|
nondirective therapy
|
A type of psychotherapy in which the therapist allows the direction of the therapy sessions to be controlled by the client.
|
|
|
participant modeling
|
A behavior therapy in which an appropriate response to a feared stimulus is modeled in graduated steps and the client attempts to imitate the model step by step , encouraged and supported by the therapist
|
|
|
person centered therapy
|
A non-directive humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist creates an accepting climate and shows empathy, freeing clients to be themselves and releasing their natural tendency toward self-actualization
|
|
|
psychiatrist
|
mental health professional who is a medical doctor.
|
|
|
psychoanalysis
|
The first psychodynamic therapy which was developed by Freud and uses feee association, dream analysis , and transference.
|
|
|
psychodynamic therapies
|
Psychotherapies that attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a patients current difficulties.
|
|
|
psychologist
|
A mental health professional who possesses a doctoral degree in psychology
|
|
|
psychosurgery
|
Brain surgery performed to alleviate serious psychological disorders or unbearable pain
|
|
|
psychotherapy
|
Any type of approach that uses psychological rather than biological mean to treat psychological disorders
|
|
|
rational emotive therapy
|
A directive form of psychotherapy developed by Albert Ellis and designed to challenge clients irrational beliefs about themselves and others
|
|
|
relationship therapies
|
Therapies that attempt to improve patients interpersonal relationships or create new relationships to support patients efforts to address psychological problems
|
|
|
systematic desensitization
|
A behavior therapy that is based on classical conditioning and used to treat fears by training cients deep muscle relaxation and then having them confront a graduated series of anxiety producing situations ( real or imagined) until they can remain relaxed while confronting even the most feared situation
|
|
|
time out
|
A behavior modification technique used to eliminate undesirable behavior, by withdrawing all reinforcers for a period of time
|
|
|
token economy
|
A behavior modification technique that rwards appropriate behavior with tokens that can be exchanged later for desired goods and/or privileges
|
|
|
transference
|
An emotional reaction that occurs during psychoanalysis in which the patient displays feelings and attitudes toward the analyst that were present in anther significant relationship
|
