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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transduction |
Transducing physical energy into a neural signal |
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Rod (eye) |
Processes dark/light |
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Cone (eye) |
Processes color |
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Fovea (eye) |
Area of the retina that has the most cones. |
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Bipolar neurons (eye) |
Edge detecting |
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Ganglion cells (eye) |
Color contrast Rate of firing signals: red/green + blue/yellow After-image |
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After-image |
Ganglion cells over-compensate a little when going back to neutral state. After seeing red, you'll see some green. This happens after passing through the bipolar neurons, making the image less sharp. |
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Gestalt Psychology |
Post-Freud reaction, moving back to perception. After the eye pre-processes the visual input, the Primary Visual Cortex in the occipital lobe figures out where the perceived objects are. Gestalt Laws of Grouping |
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Gestalt Laws of Grouping |
Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, (area, symmetry) |
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Common Fate (gestalt) |
Visual elements that move together are perceived as one object. |
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Top-down perception |
Out system walks into an environment primes with expectations. |
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Fuzzy Prototypes theory
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A psychological prototype of an object is the average of all observed variants of that object. Any object or concept in the world has a prototype in the brain. Brain is capabale of identifying from these prototypes, even with distortions.
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Visual Agnosia |
When fuzzy prototyping goes wrong. |
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Prosopagnosia |
The inability to recognize people by their faces. Can still feel familiarity, but cannot put a name to the face. Damage in the fusiform gyrus. |
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Capgras Delusions |
Able to recognize faces, but not feeling familiarity. |
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Convergence |
The degree to which our eyes must turn towards each other to center an object on the fovea. The (in)activity of the muscles can be used to estimate the distance of an object. |
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Cocktail Party Effect |
Able to recognize when your name is used by people who are not in focus while in a noisy environment. |
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Dichotic Listening |
The ability to focus on the input of only one ear (shadowed) while ignoring the other (unattended). |
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Triesman |
Found that if the meaning of the sentence jumped from the shadowed ear to the other, the meaning would still register even though you're not paying attention to it. |
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Eich |
Found that input in the non-shadowed ear could influence/bias the interpretation of the input in the shadowed ear. Unattended body language will subconsciously bias your interpretation of words. |
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Levels of self-awareness (mirror) |
1. Treating reflection as another member of its own species. 2. Habituation. Reflection is boring. Ignoring it. 3. Using mirror as a tool. Realization of reflection of self. |
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Rouge test |
Place mirror. Without subject knowing (f.ex during medical procedure) place red dot on one eyebrow and one ear. Observe if subject will realise red dot is on own body when using mirror by touching self. Animals passing test: higher apes, elephants, dophins. |
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Development of self-awareness in humans |
1. Early life: level 1 (reflection is another baby) 2. Between 1-2y, babies get uncomfortable with own reflections. Unsure. 3. End of 2y babies will pass the rouge test. This is also when they will respond to own name. |
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Theory of Mind |
The notion that we can mentally put ourselves in somebody else's place and have a sense of what they are feeling. Prosocial. The extent to which we can understand each other and behave according to this understanding. |
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Theory of Mind: first-order |
Creating a model of ones own thoughts and feelings |
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Theory of Mind: second-order |
Creating a model of what somebody else thinks or feels. |
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Theory of Mind: third-order |
Creating a model of what somebody else thinks or feels of THEM. |
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Children and false beliefs |
Child < 3y think that whatever they know, everybody else knows. 3y - 5y is when child develops Theory of Mind. |
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Autism & Aspergers |
Deficit in Theory of Mind. |
