Intro To Psychology Test 3

Front 1

conception

Back 1

when woman becomes pregnant

Front 2

fertilization

Back 2

union of egg & sperm

Front 3

zygote

Back 3

cell resulting from union of sperm & egg

Front 4

critical periods

Back 4

time when environmental influences impact development

Front 5

Teratogens

Back 5

any factor that can cause birth defect

ex) virus, smoking, stress

Front 6

Germinal period

Back 6

first 2 weeks after fertilization (women don't know they are pregnant)

Front 7

Embryonic period

Back 7

2-8 weeks after fertilization; major organs and structures develop

-Neural Tube Forms

Front 8

fetal period

Back 8

8 weeks after conception-->until birth

Front 9

8-9 months: baby moves head down

20-25% woman have babies on due date

Back 9

6-8lbs & 19-21in (avg weight and length of baby)

Front 10

attachment

Back 10

*mom primary attachment figure
- long term process of attachment (first year of babies life crucial to attachment

Front 11

Types of Attachment

Back 11

secure [65%]-seek comfort from the parent (sad when left and happy when return)

avoidant [20%]- avoid parents

ambivalent (resistant) [15%]-extremely suspicious of strangers/ hard to sooth/distress when separated

disorganized/disoriented [<5%]- lack of clear attachment (mix behavior)

Front 12

Harlow's Monkeys

Back 12

- science of love
- love impact on young life
-used monkey to show attachment it had to a blanket
-monkey will choose mother who nurtures him over one that feeds him

Front 13

Ainsworth's Strange Situation

Back 13

Puts child in room with a stranger to see what happens

Front 14

Rejecting/neglecting parenting

Back 14

low parent demanding
low parental support

-They provide child's basic needs but they show little interaction with child

Front 15

Authoritarian Parenting

Back 15

High parent demanding
Low parental support

-consequence for everything
-children seen not heard
- children low self esteem

Front 16

Permissive Parent

Back 16

Low parent demanding
high parental support

- Regina George's Mom from mean girls
- always want to be child's friend
- parent immature as well
- children lower in happiness with their parent
-children have lack of self control

Front 17

Authoritative

Back 17

High parental demanding
high support

[Ideal parenting style]
- democracy
- parent consistent--> a lot of follow through
-don't look to punish kids--> natural consequences
-child respectful of authority, confident, happy in general

Front 18

Jean Piaget
(cognitive development)

Back 18

Swiss developmental psychologist
- children are "little scientists"

-theory well known
- Stage/step theorist

Front 19

Schema

Back 19

mental structure organizes perceptual input and connects it to appropriate responses
- framework on which child bases knowledge of environment

Front 20

assimilation

Back 20

take what is seen & fit into concept that already exists.

child sees dolphin swimming-- dolphin interpreted with concept of "fish"

Front 21

accommodation

Back 21

schemas change to cope with broader range of situations

child see dolphin breathe air and pets it-- animals that live in water but breathe air like people

Front 22

Sensorimotor

(Piaget's theory)

Back 22

birth-2years

child interacts with environment

Front 23

object permanence

(sensorimotor)

Back 23

when object is covered kid doesn't know where it went unless you reveal the object.

"out of sight, out of mind"

Front 24

Preoperational

Back 24

2-6/7 years old
child begins to represent world symbolically

Front 25

Conservation
(preoperational)

Back 25

properties such as amount or mass remain the same even when appearance of object or material changes

Front 26

Egocentrism
(preoperational)

Back 26

inability to take another person's point of view

children @ this age have trouble empathizing with people

Front 27

Concrete Operational

Back 27

7-11/12 ears old

child learns rules such as conservation, reasons logically, can reverse processes
"these are the same and I can tell you why.."

Front 28

Formal Operational

Back 28

12-adult years

can transcend the concrete situation and think about the future "what could be"

*Piaget- not everyone will reach this stage"

Front 29

Lawrence Kohlberg
(moral development)

Back 29

American psychologist

-only used men and boys in study

Front 30

Preconventional Level

(Kohlberg-moral)

Back 30

good behaviors rewarded
bad behaviors punished

Front 31

Conventional Level

(Kohlberg-moral)

Back 31

rules that maintain social order & get along are emphasized

"GOLDEN RULE":
treat others the way you want to be treated

Front 32

Postconventional Level

(Kohlberg-moral)

Back 32

development of abstract principles that govern decision to accept or reject specific rules

Front 33

Erik Erikson

(Psychosocial Development)

Back 33

-born in Germany
-trained in psychoanalysis
- worked closely with Freud
-personality development

Front 34

Basic trust vs. mistrust
[0-1]

(Erikson)

Back 34

(0-1 year)
-learn to feel comfortable & trust parents' care
or
-develops distrust of world that is perceived to be unsafe

Front 35

autonomy vs. shame and doubt
[1-3]

(Erikson)

Back 35

(1-3 years)
- Learns sense of competence by learning to feed self, use toilet, play alone
or
-feels ashamed and doubts abilities

Front 36

Initiative vs. guilt
[3-5]

(Erikson)

Back 36

(3-5 years)
-gains ability to use own initiative in planning and carrying out plans
or
-cannot live within parents limits develops a sense of guilt over misbehavior

Front 37

industry vs. inferiority
[5-11]

(Erikson)

Back 37

(5-11 years)
-learns to meet demands imposed by school & home responsibilities
or
-comes to believe he is inferior to others

Front 38

indentity vs. role confusion
[11-18]

(Erikson)

Back 38

(11-18 years)
-Acquires sense of own identity
or
-confused about role in life

Front 39

adolescence
[13-20]

(Erikson)

Back 39

aprox age 13 to early 20
-puberty, cognitive changes, emotional changes

tend to revert back to egocentrism

Front 40

personal fable

(Erikson- adolescence)

Back 40

thought in which adolescents believe themselves to be unique & protected from harm

"it can't happen to me.. I'm special"

Front 41

Imaginary audience

(Erikson- adolescence)

Back 41

adolescents believe everyone looking at them and are always the center of everyone else's world

"i cant go to school with this zit on my face. everyone will be looking at me all day."

Front 42

intimacy vs. isolation
[18-40]

(Erikson)

Back 42

(18-40yrs)
-develops couple relationships and joint identity with partner
or
-becomes isolated from meaningful relationships with others

Front 43

generativity vs. stagnation
[40-65]

(Erikson PD)

Back 43

(40-65yrs)
-develops concern with helping others and leaves children and ideas for future generation
or
-becomes self-centered and stagnant

Front 44

integrity vs. despair
[65-->]

(Erikson's Personality Development)

Back 44

(65yrs)
-look over life and accept the life they have lived
or
-upset with their life because they did not do everything they wanted to

Front 45

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

stages of dealing w/ death/loss

Back 45

*not everyone moves through all stages or same order*

-Denial
-Anger
-Bargaining
-Depression
-Acceptance