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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5-Behaviorism |
An empirically rigorous science focused on observable behaviors and not unobservable internal mental processes |
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5-Learning |
The process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors |
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5-Associative Learning |
When a subject links certain events, behaviors, or stimuli together in the process of conditioning |
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5-Classical conditioning |
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events (Pavlov's Dog) |
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5-Operant conditioning |
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
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5-Positive reinforcement |
A stimulus that when presented after a response, strengthens the response |
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5-Shaping |
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
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5-Positive reinforcement 5-Negative reinforcement |
A reinforcer stimulus when presented after a response, strengthens the response A reinforcer stimulus when removed after a response, strengthens the response |
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5-Primary reinforcer |
An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a bioligical need (cookies for being good; clicking seatbelt to turn off beeping) |
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5-Conditioned reinforcer |
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer. (paycheck for working, to buy food and shelter) |
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5-Reinforcement schedule |
A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced |
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5-Partial (intermittent) reinforcement |
Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement |
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5-Associative Learning |
When a subject links certain events, behaviors, or stimuli together int he process of conditioning |
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5-Cognition |
Our thoughts, perspectives and expections |
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5-Cognitive process in learning |
Attention - must pay attention to what you are learning Memory - what you learn must og into memory through a process called storage; sensory register; short term memory; long term memory Encoding-assign a meaning to what you are learning Retrieval - reserve the process of encoding |
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5-Observational Learning |
Learning by observing others |
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5-Modeling |
The process of observing and imitating a specfic behavior |
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5-Mirror Neurons
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Fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so |
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6-Memory |
Learning that has persisted over time-information tha has been stored and, in many cases, can be recalled |
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6-Recall Recognition Relearning |
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned A measure of memory that assesses the amoutn of time saved when learning material again |
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6-Working memory |
Conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from ong term memory |
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6-Explicit memory |
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" |
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6-Implicit Memory |
Retention independent of conscious recollection |
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6-Thinking |
Concept-mental groupings of simplar objects, people, ideas or events Protype-a mental image or pinnacle example of a certain thing |
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6-Problem solving |
Trial and error - doing soemthing until it works Algorithm - logical, methodical, step by step procedure that eventually guarantees a solution, but may be a slow process Heuristic - simple strategy tha allows us to solve problem faster, although more error-prone than an algorithm |
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6-Language |
A set of spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning |
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6-Phonemes Morphemes Grammar |
Short, distinctive sound units The smallest units that carry meaning a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
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6-Receptive languae |
The ability to understand waht's being said both to and about us |
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6-Aphasia |
A neurological impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding) |
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6-Intelligence |
The ability to learn for experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new experiences |
