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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the effects and types of Hallucinogens (Psychodelics)?
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Alter individuals perception of reality
LSD PCP Marijuana |
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What are the Three types of Neurons?
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1. Sensory- Afferent Neurons
2. Processing- Internerurons 3. Motor-Efferent Neurons |
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What is Somniloquy?
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Sleeptalking
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What does an Axon Hillock in a neuron do?
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connects axon to soma
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What scientist studied REM Deprivation in Humans and what were the results?
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Dement
Forgetful, simple problem solving, irritable, Paranoia |
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What is the Pons?
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The bridge that connects the upper and lower
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What is the voltage of a resting Neuron?
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-70 MV
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What happens if an afferent neuron is damaged?
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Hallucinations
(Sensory) |
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What is a Telodendrea in a Neuron?
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it is a split in the axom a new branch
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What does a neuron do?
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Specialized nerve cell carryies nerual information/ conducts electrical impulses
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What are Glial Cells?
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Support Cells for neurons, they cannot conduct electrical impulses.
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Where is the location of the Frontal Lobe and what does it do?
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Front of Brain
Controls Motor abilities |
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What are night terrors?
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Extreme fear when sleeping
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What happens if an Interneuron is damaged?
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Memory Loss
(Processing) |
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Who was Ranvier?
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Ranvier discovered that Myelin didn't cover the entire axom
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What are the two parts of the Central Nervous system?
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1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord |
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What voltage will a neuron have during the absolute refractory period?
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-80 mv
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What is the Ventrical (in the brain)?
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Open space
Lined with Choroid Plexus which makes cerebro- spinal fluid |
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What are the effects and types of Stimulants?
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Increase behavior, surge of energy
Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine |
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What is the Medulla Oblongata?
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Controls Autonomic responses such as breathing, heartbeat, pulse
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What is REM Sleep Disorder?
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Acting out your dreams
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What is a Thalamus?
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Sensory Relay station
Recieves incoming sensory infor and redirects it to appropriate parts of the brain. (No Olfactory) |
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What are the 4 kinds of brain waves?
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1. Alpha
2. Beta 3. Delta 4. REM Sleep |
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What are the Features of the Human Brain?
(Why Can't Connie Build a Sun Room?) |
1. Weight-3 lbs
2. color- pinkish (cappilleria) to greyish (myelin) 3. Convoluted- wrinkled 4. Bilaterally Symetrical in appearance- right and left appear the same 5. Asymetrical in Function 6. Specificity- specific structures govern specific functions 7. Redundancy- if MINOR brain damage occurs other structures attempt those functions |
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How do you measure brain wave activity?
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With an EEG machine
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Who studied Epilepsy and what did he find?
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Sperry discovered that by severing the corpus callosum seizures were lessened. There was no personality change, the brains did function as two seperate parts.
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How do you Induce REM sleep both physically and chemically?
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Electrically stimulate the Gigantocellular Tegmentum
and Chemically stimulate by injecting Norepinephrine |
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What is Reticular Formation/ Reticular Activating System?
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Controls Sleep/Wakeness
runs the entire length of the brain stem. |
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What are the effects and types of Antipsychotics?
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Used to treat people with psychoses (out of touch with reality such as Scitzophrenia)
Haldol Morbon Repiridol |
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What are the Lobes of the Brain ?
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Frontal
Parietal Occipital Left Temporal Right Temporal |
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What are the 5 types of Psychoactive drugs?
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1. Stimulants
2. Depressants 3. Opiates 4. Hallucinogens 5. Anti-Psychotic |
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What is the location of the Temporal Lobes and what do they do?
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Left side
Speech and hearing Right Side spacial relations, jokes, comparisons, emotions, creativity, distinguish facial features. |
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How do you stimulate Delta sleep both Physically and Chemically?
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Electrically stimulate the Raphe Nucleus
and Chemically stimulate by injecting Seroronim |
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What are the 5 kinds of Protection for the brain?
(How Sam Can Make Cookies) |
1. Hair
2. Skin- Epidermus 3. Cranium- Skull Bone 4. Meninges- Layers of protection 5. Chroid Plexus- Produces spinal fluid |
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What is Narcolepsy?
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Sudden sleep attacks during activity
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What is the Autonomic Nervous system and what are its two components?
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Self regulating system
Sympathetic- adrenalin (fight fright or flight) ParaSympathetic- Rest |
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What is Somnambulism?
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Sleepwalking
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What are the three types of Meninges?
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1. Dura Mater- Tough outermost layers
2. Arachnoid- Middle Layer Looks spongy like a spider 3. Pia Mater- delicate innermost layer |
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What is Calalepsey?
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Paralysis during REM sleep.
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Where is the locaion of the Parietal Lobe and what does it do?
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Tops the Cerebrum
Somesthetic (touch) |
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What is Cataplexy?
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muscle weakness during REM sleep
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What is the Hypothalamus?
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governs eating and drinking, sexual behavior, works with the Limbic system (governs emotion). Also governs Rage and Temperature regulation.
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What are the characteristics of REM sleep?
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Rapid Eye movement/ paradoxical
rapid, irregular, desynchranize 20-25 cycles Asleep 80-90 minutes |
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What happens if an Efferent Neuron is damaged?
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Grand Mal Seizures
(Motor) |
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What are the characteristics of Delta Waves?
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Slow wave sleep
Slow regular and syncranized 3-5 cycles Asleep 30-60 minutes |
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What is the Cerebellum?
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Balance and Coordinates movement
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What does the myelin sheath in a neuron do?
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Its made of lipids and fats and protects the Axom
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What is the Pituitary gland?
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Master gland of the endocrine system. Influences all the other glands
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What are the characteristics of Alpha Waves?
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Slower than Beta
9-12 cycles Resting and drowsiness occur |
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What is a corpus callosum?
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Connects the right and left hemisphere.
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What are the effects and types of Opiates?
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Supress Pain
Morphine Codeine Heroin |
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What does a Cerebrum do?
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Plan and postpone
higher level reasoning |
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What is Insomnia?
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Inability to sleep
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What is the location of the Occipital Lobe?
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It is located at the rear of the cerebrum
Vision |
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What are the effects and types of Depressants?
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Decrease Behavior
Alcohol sedatives barbituates |
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What are the three actions once the Neural Transmitters are released?
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1. Absorbtion by post synaptic membrane
2. Reuptake occurs by pre synaptic 3. Destruction (Enzyme)by pre synaptic membrane word ending in ASE is an Enzyme |
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What are the three functions of Glial Cells?
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Bring Nutrients
Manufacture Myelin Phagocylosis- consume dead matter |
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What does an Axon in a neuron do?
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carries info away from cell body
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What is a terminal button in a neuron?
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The end
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What is the Absolute refractory period?
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resting period for a neuron to prevent fatigue
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What does a Synaptic Vessicle in a neuron do?
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Stores nerual transmitters specialized chemicals that influence brain chemistry
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What is a soma?
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Cell Body
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What voltage must a Neuron have to have stimulation/ action potential?
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+40 mv
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Compare Delta (slow wave sleep) with REM sleep.
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1. 3-5 cycles vs. 20-25 cycles
2.Dull dreams vs. bright vivid dreams 3. No safety mechanisms vs. Cataplexy and calalepsey 4. Autonomic responses are regular vs. irregular 5. No response vs. Penile erection or vaginal moistening |
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What are the characteristics of Beta Waves?
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rapid desyncrianzed, irregular waves
20-25 cycles per second Alertness |
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What does Dendrite in a neuron do?
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Spine like braches that recieve nerve messages and direct them to the soma
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What is Sleep Apnea
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Innability to sleep and breath simultaneously
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What scientist studied REM Deprivation in cats and what were the results?
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Jouvet
Cats were irritable, Hypersexuality, Death |
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What are three side effects of Antipsychotics?
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Tardrive Dyskenesia (loss of muscle control)
Dry Mouth Impotency |
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What does a node of Ranvier in a neuron do?
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Spaces without Myelin promote speedy transmittal of neural info/electrical impulses
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