Intro To Psych Exam #3 Part 2

Front 1

Zygote

Back 1

Fertilized egg

Chromosomes from parents
23 each parent but 46 in all

Front 2

3 stages of Prenatal Development

Back 2

Germinal Period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period

Front 3

Germinal Period

Back 3

First 2 weeks
Rapid Cell division
Implanted in uterin wall
Embryo

Front 4

Embryonic Period

Back 4

weeks 3-8 the organs and major systems, and sex organs show up. The amniotic sac cushions the baby. The umbilical cord provides nutrients, oxygen, and water. This also prevents blood from mixing.

Front 5

Teratogens

Back 5

The placenta cannot prevent against harmfull substances like
Raiation
Toxic industrial chemicals
Diseases
Drugs

Front 6

Fetal Period

Back 6

3 months to birth
Amniocentesis- gather sample of amniotic fluid. Checks abnormalities.
Fetus is able to move its:
arms
legs
mouth
head
by 5 months- regular wake and sleep periods
by 6 months- brain activity almost the same as a newborn
by 7 months- double in weight. Gain 3-4 pounds of fat

Front 7

Infant and Child Development

Back 7

Physical Development
Temperament
Social Development
Attachment
Language Development
Parenting

Front 8

Apperance

Back 8

They look all wrinkly and have a cone head till it all smooths out over time

Front 9

Milestones in Infant Development

Back 9

3 months-rolling over
3.5 months-hold and reach for rattle
5.5 months-sit up
6 months- stand with help
11.5 months-stand alone
12 months-walking
17 months-walk up stairs only

Front 10

Depth Perception

Back 10

Ellenor Gibson
she tested at 6 months and kids had a depth perception according to the test, but also tested a 2 month old and they also had it

Front 11

Temperament

Back 11

Predisposition to behave and react in certian way

Strong genetic basis

Parents can help

Front 12

Temperament Classification

Back 12

Easy-40%
Difficult-10%
Slow to warm up-15%

35% don't fit in to a group

Front 13

Easy babies

Back 13

40%
Adapt to new experiences
Positive moods and emotions
regular sleeping and eating patterns

Front 14

Difficult Babies

Back 14

10%
Intensely emotional
Irritable
Fussy
Cry a lot

Front 15

Slow to warm up babies

Back 15

15%
Low activity levels
Withdraw from a new situations and people
Adapt gradually

Front 16

Social Development

Back 16

Social smile
Self-Awareness
Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety

Front 17

Social smile

Back 17

The smile comes out with a social stimuli

Front 18

Self-Awareness

Back 18

They are aware their own body

Front 19

Separation Anxiety

Back 19

Hits when 8-24 months

Front 20

Stranger Anxiety

Back 20

Feat of strangers 8-12 months

Front 21

Attachment

Back 21

Emotional bond formed between infant and caregiver
Harry Harlow-monkey study
Attachment Styles- Secure and Insecure

Front 22

Secure Attachment Style

Back 22

Parents are consistently:
Warm
Responsive
Sensitive to infant's needs
They love mom and dad

Front 23

Insecure Attachment Style

Back 23

Parents are:
Neglectful
Inconsistent
Insensitive to infant's needs
Don't know what kinda of parents they are getting each day

Front 24

Strange Situation

Back 24

Mary Ainsworth
Explain situation- MOm and baby come in room, they play around. Then stranger enters room and plays. Then mom leaves and strangers plays with child. Then mom returns and stranger leaves

Front 25

Strange Situation Results

Back 25

Securely attached
Secure base- mom
Shows distress- when mom leaves
Can be comforted- by stranger
greets mother- mom

Front 26

Strange Situation Results continued

Back 26

Insecurely attached:
anxious
inconsolable
ignores mother
Types of insecure attachment
Avoidant
Resistant
Disorganized

Front 27

Avoidant

Back 27

no contact with mom, sad when left and stranger didn't help

Front 28

Resistant

Back 28

didn't explore enviorment, had to peel of mom

Front 29

Disorganized

Back 29

dazed and confused

Front 30

Language Development

Back 30

Noam Chomsky

Biological Predisposition

Language comprehension before language production

Front 31

By 3 months

Back 31

cooo sound

Ahhh sound

Repetition of vowel sounds

Front 32

By 5 months

Back 32

babble

ba- ba- ba

Repetition fo meaningless language sounds

Front 33

By 12 months

Back 33

momma

Single-word stage

Front 34

Between 18-20 months

Back 34

Vocabulary of 50 words

Put 2 words together

Front 35

By 24 months

Back 35

Daddy go

Put 3 words together

Telegraphic speech

150 words

Front 36

Parentese or child directed speech

Back 36

speech used when talking to infants
Marked by:
Raised voice
short, simple sentences
repetition

Front 37

Purposes of Parentese

Back 37

Simplify
Attract and maintain
Teach

Front 38

Simplfy

Back 38

short and to the point only

Front 39

Attract and maintain

Back 39

Say loud enough to listen to

Front 40

Teach

Back 40

try to get them to say short phrases

Front 41

Parenting Styles

Back 41

Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive

Front 42

Authoritarian

Back 42

follow the rules
Do it cause I said so
Most fathers follow this type

Children have withdrawls from situtations

Front 43

Authoritative

Back 43

Parents are willing to explain rules and punishments

Children are resposible, reliant, high academic, and have high self-esteem

Front 44

Permissive

Back 44

Rules, may be strict but they are not enforced or followed through.

Children have drinking problems, low self esteem, low academics

Front 45

Effective Parenting

Back 45

Have a stable rules of conduct that are consistent.
Show mutual respect, love, encouragement, and shared enjoyment.
I messagae tells the child the effect it had on the parent.
You messages are threats

Front 46

Differences in Parenting

Back 46

Mothers are nurturing

Fathers are the playful types

Front 47

Theories of Development

Back 47

Cognitive
Psychosocial

Front 48

Cognitive Development

Back 48

Most influential theory

Jean Piage

Child actively make sense of enviornment

Children are blank slates

Front 49

More Cognitive Development

Back 49

Continuous, and gradual
Biological programmed
Hereditary and environmental
4 distinct stages:
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concert Operational
Formal Operational

Front 50

Sensorimotor

Back 50

Birth to 2 years
Acquire knowledge through senses
Out of sight out of mind
By end object permanence

Front 51

Preoperational Stage

Back 51

ages 2-7
Symbolic thought
Words,images,and symbols for representations
Language acquistions
Fantasy and imagination
Egocentrism
Irreversibility
Centration
Consevation
2 equal physical quanitites remain equal even if the appearance is changed

Front 52

Egocentrism

Back 52

the lack of ability to see it from someone elses view

Front 53

Irrevesibility

Back 53

can not mentally reverse a sequence of events

Front 54

Centration

Back 54

Tendency to focus on one aspect ove conversation

Front 55

Concrete Operational Stage

Back 55

around the age of 7
Capable of true logical thought
Understand conservation
Hypothetical or abstract

Front 56

Formal Operational Stage

Back 56

Around adulthood
Think logically
Deal with hypothetical situtations

Front 57

Psychosocial Develpment

Back 57

Erikson's Theory

Front 58

Erikson's Theory

Back 58

8 stages

Each contain conflict

Must be resolved for healthy development

Front 59

8 Stages

Back 59

Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Initative vs. guilt
Industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. role confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Ego integrity vs. despair

Front 60

Adolescence

Back 60

Transitional stage between childhood and beginning of adulthood

Ends with adult roles and responsibilities
Job and pay bills

Front 61

Puberty

Back 61

Attaining reproductive capacity
Begins in early teens- girls 11-12yrs, guys-12-13yrs
Proceeds unevenly

Front 62

Sex Characteristics

Back 62

Primary Sex Characteristics
Sex organs directly involved with reproduciton (Vagina, Penis)
Secondary Sex Characteristics
not directly related to reproducion, and they signal sexual maturity (breast, pubic hair, facial hair)

Front 63

Physical Development

Back 63

Girls-Menarche
Female's first menstrual period
Age 12(10-15)
Boys-Testicular enlargement
Age 12 and 13

Front 64

Sexual Development

Back 64

As physical development increases so does interest in sex.

Front 65

Social Development

Back 65

Gerally positive
If good before adolescence you will be the same way in adolescence
Friciotn inevitable
Peers

Front 66

Adult and Late Development

Physical Changes

Back 66

Examples of changes- menopause
Genetics and environment- tanning will increase the number of wrinkles

Menopause

Front 67

Adult and Late Development

Social Relations

Back 67

Adults have fewer friends
Females disclose more
Males do more

Front 68

Adult and Late Development

Having Children

Back 68

Marring at a later age (30)
Waiting later to have children
Being a parent at an older age
eases adjustments
more physically demanding
Martial satisfaciont decreases with birth of child
Increases when children leave home
No empty nest syndrome

Front 69

Audlt and Late Development

careers

Back 69

1/3 of people switch occupations

Front 70

Late adulthood and Aging

Back 70

Average lif expectancy is
Men = 74
Women = 79
Old age is often associated with
Poor health
Inactivity
Social isolation
Mental and Physical incompetence

This is all inaccurate!!!!!

Front 71

Nursing Home Rates

Back 71

Only 5% of people over age 65 live in nursing homes

Fewer then 20% after age 85 live in a nursing home

Front 72

Declines

Back 72

Small number
Fluid Abilities-ability at speed, and learning
Crystalized Abilities- ability at skills and knowledge
Can minimize declines- athletics