Intro To Psych Chapter 6

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

Ability to store/retrieve info over time

Front 2

Encoding

Back 2

transforms what we perceive, think, & feel into enduring memory

Front 3

Storage

Back 3

maintaining info in memory over time

Front 4

Retrieval

Back 4

bring mind info that has been encoded/stored previously

Front 5

Elaborative Encoding

Back 5

actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory

Front 6

Visual Imagery Encoding

Back 6

storing new info by converting it to mental pictures

Front 7

Organizational Encoding

Back 7

Categorizing info according to relationships among a series of items

Front 8

Sensory Memory

Back 8

Storage that holds sensory info for few seconds or <

Front 9

Iconic Memory

Back 9

Fast-decaying store of visual info

Front 10

Echoic Memory

Back 10

Fast-decaying store of auditory info

Front 11

Rehearsal

Back 11

Keeping info in short-term memory by mentally repeating it

Front 12

Chunking

Back 12

Combining small pieces of info into large chunks that are easily held in short-term memory

Front 13

Working Memory

Back 13

Active maintenance of info in short-term storage

Front 14

Long-term memory

Back 14

Storage that holds info for hours, days, weeks, years

Front 15

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 15

Inability to transfer new info from short-term to long-term

Front 16

Retrograde Amnesia

Back 16

Inability to retrieve info that was acquired before a particular date, due to injury/operation

Front 17

Consolidation

Back 17

Memories become stable in the brain

Front 18

Reconsolidation

Back 18

Memories become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again

Front 19

Long-term Potentiation

Back 19

Communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making communication easier

Front 20

NMDA Receptor

Back 20

Receptor site on hippocampus that influences the flow between neurons by controlling initiation of long-term potentiation

Front 21

Short-Term Memory

Back 21

Storage that holds nonsensory info > seconds < a minute

Front 22

Retrieval Cue

Back 22

External info that helps bring stored info to mind

Front 23

Encoding Specificity Principle

Back 23

Retrieval cue serves as effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which info was initially encoded

Front 24

State-Dependent Retrieval

Back 24

Tendency for info to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

Front 25

Transfer-Appropriate

Back 25

Memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding contexts of the situation match

Front 26

Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

Back 26

Retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items

Front 27

Explicit Memory

Back 27

Consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

Front 28

Implicit Memory

Back 28

Influence of past experiences on later behavior, without an effort to remember them or awareness of the recollection

Front 29

Procedural Memory

Back 29

Gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice or "knowing how" to do things

Front 30

Priming

Back 30

Enhanced ability to think of a stimulus such as a word or object as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

Front 31

Semantic Memory

Back 31

Network of associated facts that make up our general knowledge of the world

Front 32

Episodic Memory

Back 32

Collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

Front 33

Transcience

Back 33

Forgetting what occurs with passage of time

Front 34

Retroactive Interference

Back 34

Info learned later impairs memory for info acquired earlier

Front 35

Proactive Interference

Back 35

info learned earlier impairs memory for info acquired later

Front 36

Absentmindedness

Back 36

Lapse in attention that results in memory failure

Front 37

Prospective Memory

Back 37

Remembering to do things in the future

Front 38

Blocking

Back 38

Failure to retrieve info available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

Front 39

Memory Misattribution

Back 39

Assigning a recollection or idea to the wrong source

Front 40

Source Memory

Back 40

Recall of when, where, and how info was racquired

Front 41

False Recognition

Back 41

Feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before

Front 42

Suggestibility

Back 42

Incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal recollections

Front 43

Bias

Back 43

Distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

Front 44

Persistence

Back 44

Intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

Front 45

Flashbulb Memories

Back 45

Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events