Intro To Pharmacology Exam Ii Arcadia

Front 1

naturally occuring catecholamines

Back 1

dopamine, epi, NE

Front 2

B(beta)1 receptors agonized by:

Back 2

dobutamine (Dobutrex) - used to stim heart in acute heart failure

Front 3

B1 sites + actions

Back 3

heart - increased HR + contractility
kidney - increased renin sec.

Front 4

B2 receptors agonized by:

Back 4

albuterol, metoproterenol (Alupent)

Front 5

B2 receptor sites + actions

Back 5

bronchial tree - bronchodilation
skeletal muscle - vasodilation

Front 6

A(alpha)1 receptors agonized by:

Back 6

phenylephrine

Front 7

A1 sites + actions

Back 7

skin + skeletal muscle - vasocontriction
nasal mucosa-->vasocontriction-->decongestion
nasal glands - decreased secretions

Front 8

A2 receptors agonized by:

Back 8

clonidine, methyldopa

Front 9

A2 sites + actions

Back 9

vasomotor center - medulla-->decreased HR + BP

Front 10

epinephrine

Back 10

inc. CO
A1 vasopressor action

Front 11

NE (Levophed)

Back 11

same as epi --> inc. systolic + diastolic BP

Front 12

Isoproterenol

Back 12

only B1 and B2 activity, no alpha
B1 = inc. HR/contractility
B2= bronchodilation
slight inc. in systolic BP

Front 13

Dopamine

Back 13

renal vasodilation (keep kidneys working in cardiogenic shock)
no change in TPR

Front 14

use _____ in cardiogenic shock for positive inotropy

Back 14

dobutamine

Front 15

phenylephrine

Back 15

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
mydriatic/decongestant (a1)

Front 16

ephedrine

Back 16

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
pressor agent (a1) used in surgery if BP too low/chronic orthostatic hypotension/decongestant
causes release of stored catacholamines, enters the CNS

Front 17

oxymetazoline

Back 17

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
decongestant (a1)

Front 18

amphetamine

Back 18

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
-causes release of stored catecholamines
-enters CNS well - mood stim, appetite suppressant

Front 19

phenylpropanolamine

Back 19

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
weak mood stim, fairly safe appetite suppresant, may cause HTN in large doses

Front 20

Methylphenidate = ritalin

Back 20

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
ADHD in kids

Front 21

Pemoline (cylert)

Back 21

sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
ADHD in kids

Front 22

4 amphetamines 2gether

Back 22

adderall
sympathomimetic
not catecholamine
for ADHD in adults

Front 23

cocaine

Back 23

local anesthetic
decreases NE reuptake
-causes HTN, arrythmias, MI, CVA, paranoia, dec. fetal brain development

Front 24

a1 agonists for nose

Back 24

pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine
phenylpropanolamine
oxymetazoline

Front 25

asthma & COPD sympathomimetics

Back 25

B2 agonists (albuterol = prototype)

Front 26

anaphylatic shock sympathomimetics

Back 26

epinephrine b/c it acts on
a1 --> vasoconstriction
b1-->stim. heart
b2--> bronchodilation
-given as .3-.5 mL of 1:1000 solution, i.m.
-also give antihistamine (benadryl, 50 mg i.v. or i.m.) and steroid (methylprednisone, 50-100 mg i.v.)

Front 27

premature labor sympathomimetics

Back 27

b2 agonists - ritodrine, terbutaline -->relax the uterus
(a1 mediate uterine contraction)

Front 28

main sympathomimetics in cold/sinus meds:

Back 28

ephedrine
pseudoephedrine
phenylpropanolamine
phenylephrine
pyrilamine
oxymetazoline

Front 29

decongestants are not selective for ____ receptors and can also affect ____ receptors

Back 29

a1, b1

Front 30

noncardioselective b-blockers

Back 30

-block b1 and b2
-propanolol (Indural), timolol (Blocadren)

Front 31

noncardioselective b-blockers w/ a1 blockers

Back 31

-also block a1 receptors of arterioles, so permit dilation, dec. TPR
-atenolol (Tenormin)
-metoprolol (Lopressor)

Front 32

b-blocker side effects

Back 32

-increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL (potentially atherogenic)
-mask normal signs of hypoglycemia (except sweating!)
-aggravate obstructive airway disease
-reduced exercise tolerance, lethargy

Front 33

adrenergic neuron blocking drugs are also known as:

Back 33

NE depleting drugs
-lower BP by preventing release of NE from postgang synaptic terminals
-have effects esp. on peripheral sympathetic nerves
-decrease TPR and CO

Front 34

ex. of adrenergic neuron blocking drugs

Back 34

-guanethidine (Ismelin)
-reserpine +HCT+ hydralazine (Ser-Ap-Es)
*hydralazine is a direct vasodilator

Front 35

side effect of adrenergic neuron blocking drugs

Back 35

postural hypotension - dec. release of NE from sympathetic terminals = no increase in symp. tone to the veins when u stand up

Front 36

which type of alpha receptors live in the vasomotor nucleus of the medulla (the nucleus of the tractus solitarius)

Back 36

mostly a2

Front 37

when a2 receptors are agonized they cause:

Back 37

arteriolar dilation (opposite of a1!)

Front 38

baroreceptor reflex:

Back 38

-BP goes up, stretch of the baroreceptors causes an increase in frequency of ap's in vagal and CN9 nerves
-this decreases efferent sympathetic activity from vasomotor system to spinal cord
-decreased output from cord = permits vasodilation

Front 39

alpha agonists

Back 39

clonidine (Catapres)
methyldopa (Aldomet)

Front 40

peripheral alpha blockers (a1)

Back 40

prazosin (Minipres)
terazosin (Hytrin)

Front 41

a blocker/b blocker (2gether)

Back 41

carvedilol (Coreg)
labetolol (Normodyne, Trandate)

Front 42

dilation of the arterioles causes decreased ____ while dilation of the veins decreases ______

Back 42

TPR, venous return

Front 43

the -azosin drugs also have the ability to ?

Back 43

decrease smooth muscle tone in the bladder neck and prostate gland

Front 44

anti-HTN for heart failure

Back 44

ace inhibs

Front 45

anti-HTN for MI

Back 45

b blockers

Front 46

anti-HTN for MI w/ systolic dysfunction

Back 46

ace inhibs

Front 47

anti-HTN for angina

Back 47

BB or CCB

Front 48

anti-HTN for essential tremor

Back 48

BB (non-cardioselective)

Front 49

anti-HTN for hyperthyroidism

Back 49

BB

Front 50

most common single agent drug interactions

Back 50

-cimetidine
-digoxin
-antacids
-warfarin
-propanolol
-theophylline

Front 51

what happens after drug administered?

Back 51

-liberation
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion

Front 52

parameters to describe fate of drug

Back 52

-VD
-Cl
-t1/2
-bioavailability (F)
-protein binding

Front 53

volume of distribution

Back 53

volume in which drug is distributed
(amount of drug in body to concentration of drug in plasma or blood)

Front 54

total clearance

Back 54

= ClH + ClR + ClL + ClOther

Front 55

first pass

Back 55

percentage of orally administered drug removed on first pass thru GI wall and/or liver b4 reaching systemic circ.
= 1 - fractional bioavailability

Front 56

chelation

Back 56

irreversible binding of drugs in the GI tract

Front 57

drugs that interact and chelate

Back 57

-tetracyclines
-quinolone abx (Fe)
-antacids (Al, Ca, Mg)
-dairy products (Ca)
-dose 1 hr b4 or 2 hrs after

Front 58

pharmacogenetics

Back 58

diff in drug metabolizing ability
-arise from gen. determined diff in basal level of expression of enzyme

Front 59

poor metabolizers will have hi plasma concentrations of ______ and lo concentrations of ______

Back 59

plasma compounds, metabolites