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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmacology
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The study of drugs
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What is a drug?
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A chemical substance that produces a biological response
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Pharmacokinetics
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What the body does to the drug: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Determines how much of a drug to give, how often, and how long it will last |
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Pharmacodynamics
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What the drug does to the body, once it gets to site of action, cellular target.
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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The actual practice, how to use a drug to prevent or treat a disease
What the drug does to a disease |
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Toxicology
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the study of poisons
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Chemical Name of drug
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Based on chemical structure
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Non-proprietary name of drug
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Generic name
US adopted name council Chemical or pharmacological class *Each chemical entity only has one generic name* |
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Proprietary Name
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Trade Name
Marketing Name *Each drug can have multiple marketing names |
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One generic name, but multiple trade names
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Chemical Name: N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
Generic (non-proprietary) Name: Acetominophen Trade Names (Proprietary): Tylenol, Tempra, Nebs |
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OTC Drugs
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Self-Administration
approved by FDA for safe self-admin most used to be prescriptions lower dosages, for limiting conditions |
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Prescription Drugs
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Legend Drugs
against federal law to dispense without prescription narrower therapeutic index all new drugs approved by FDA |
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Orphan Drugs
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Rare Diseases
Subclass of Prescription Drugs less than 200,000 people suffer from the condition Orphan Drug Act in 1983 Example: Growth Hormone, used for infants with stunted growth |
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Controlled Substances
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Class IV
Abuse, Dependence Potential Schedule I - High Schedule II - High, no refills, no telephone Schedule III - Moderate, 5 refills max, within 6 mos Schedule IV - Low Schedule V - Lowest |
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Schedule I
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cannot be prescribed for therapeutics
heroin, LSD, marijuana |
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Schedule II
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morphine
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Schedule III
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codeine
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Schedule IV
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Valium, Librium (anti-anxiety drugs)
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Schedule V
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diphenoxylate (treat diarrhea)
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Drug Development: I
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Pre-clinical Testing in vitro and animal testing toxicity
Usually fail because too toxic takes about 2.5 years |
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Drug Development: II
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Clinical Testing (Efficacy and Safety)
Phase I: Normal volunteers, safety/dose/effects Phase II: Small patient groups (people that have disease), dose/efficacy/kinetics Phase III: Large patient gorups. double blind, safety/efficacy |
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Drug Development: III
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Phase IV: Post Marketing Surveillance
All patients Indications/Adverse Effects |
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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1906
Drug Labeling |
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Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
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1938
Safety and Purity of Drugs |
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Kefauver-Harris Amendments
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1962
Efficacy and Safety Reporting Guidelines |
