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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activated Charcoal
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Reduces drug absorbtion in toxic ingestions
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Adenosine
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SUPRAVENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA |
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ATROPINE SULFATE
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TREATS SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA
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BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE
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TREATS VENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA AND VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION PROPHYLAXIS |
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CALICUM CHLORIDE
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TREATS HYPOCALCEMIA,
HYPOMAGNESIUMA, HYPERKALEMIA, CALIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER OVERDOSE |
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DEXTROSE
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TREATS HYPOGLYCEMIA- CAUSE OF DEHYRDATION
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INOTROPIC AGENTS
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Treats hypotension or hypoperfusion, CHF, or cardiovascular shock
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Epinephrine
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Treats bradycardia or asystolic arrest
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Lidocaine
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Treats recurrent ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or ventricular ectopy
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Naloxone Hydrochloride
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Reverses effects of some narcotics
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Sodium Bicarbonate
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Treats severe acidosis associated with cardiac arrest, unstable hemodynamic status, hyperkalemia, or certain toxic ingestions
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Infants and children up to the age of 18 months can show signs of what kind of anxiety?
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Separation and stranger anxiety
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Toddlers do not respond well to what?
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Restrictions and they tend to push any limits imposed
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Pre-School age is the stage of?
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Fear and Fantasy
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Teach school age children ....
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Coping techiniques that work for them
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Most common emotions expierenced by parents of children cared for in emergencies is?
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Fear and Anxiety
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Parents are afriad of the following possibilities...
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Their child might die,
Their child might experience pain, and that their child may be permenantly altered. |
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Developmental Guidelines for Infants
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allow use of pacifier, use quiet soothing voice, touch rock or cuddle, keep warm, try to relieve parents fears so they are not communicated with child
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Developemental Guidelines for toddlers
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Keep toddler up when giving procedure, perform most distressing procedure last, allow familiar objects, keep away frightening objects, give praise and use distraction
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Developmental Guidelines for Pre-Schoolers
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explain procedures right before performing, talk threwout whole procedure discribing how it will feel, distract child with noises or objects, avoid criticism, encourage talk
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Guidelines for School Age Children
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Offer simple choices whenever possible, ask child about level of understanding, address fears and concerns directly, give rewards
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Guidelines for Adolescents
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Preserve modesty, give choice about parents in or out of room, provide opportunity for questions, listen to concerns nonjudmentally, don't tease them, explain procedures carefully and allow choices.
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First Impression Assessment without touch
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Respiratory Rate and Effort, Skin Color, and Response to the Environment.
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You assess the ABCDE's during
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the primary assessment
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2 Most common ways of death in children
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Respiratory Failure and Shock
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Signs of serious breathing disorders
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Substernal, intercoastal subclavicular retractions, nasal flaring, head bobbing, grunting, stridor, upright positioning, prolonged expirations, slow respiratory rate
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Abnormal Skin Coloring
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Cyanosis, Mottled, or Pale
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Children are more at risk for what than adults
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Airway Problems
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When assessing airway pay particular attention to these airway sounds
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Snoring, stridor, wheezing, and grunting
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Snoring is
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caused by an obstruction in the upper airway and can be heard in children with decreased mental status
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Stridor is
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High pitched sound heard on inspiration or both inspiration and expiration
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Wheezing is
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high pitched musical sound heard primarily on expiration, signals obstruction of the lower airway
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Crackles or Rales are
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fine popping noises heard on inspiration and usually indicate that fluid is in the lungs signaling pneumonia
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Nasal Secretion can cause
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respiratory compromise
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A child airway is _____________ than an adult
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narrower
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Cartiage of the larnyx is relatively __________ and trachea is __________ and more _________ than an adult
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Soft
Thinner Flexible |
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Infants and children have a higher ___________ rate and increased __________ demand
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Metabolic
Oxygen |
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Hypoxia occurs more of less rapidly in children
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More
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A rapid repiratory rate and shallow breathing indicate
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Respiratory Distress
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Very slow breathing in an ill child is an ominous sign indicting
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Respiratory Failure
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Increased work of sounds breathing with quiet breath sounds indicate
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An absence of breathing with quiet sounds indicating an absence of air entry into the lung fields
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Abdominal breathing is normal in an infant of young child so nurses observe for the rise and fall of the _______ instead of the chest
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Abdomen
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Normal respiratory rate for children vary by range and are faster than adults, but any rate over ___ breaths per minute is abnormal
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60
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Cardiovascular assessment includes
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skin color and temp, capillary refill, assessing central and peripheral pulse rate and quality
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Tachacardia and decreased peripheral perfusion are early signs of
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cardiovascular compromise in a child and require immediate intervention
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Alteration in level of consciousness can be the first sign in
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respiratory distress
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Rapid neurologic assessment consists of 2 components
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pupillary reactivity and size
and a brief mental status assessment |
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AVPU stand for
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Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive
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Progressive loss of consciousness may be a result of
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Hypoxemia, Hypoglycemia, Increased intercranial pressure
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Exposure is
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removing the childs clothing to identify additional injuries or indicators of illness
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Components of secondary assessment
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Vital Signs, assessing for pain, history and head to toe assessement and inspection
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For Vitals of children take _________ first, than _________. ___________ and ________ should be taken last
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Respiratory Rate
Pulse Temp and BP |
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A
M P L E |
Allergies, Medications taking and immunizations, Prior illness or injury, Last meal and eating habits, Events leading to injury or illness
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Sign of hematuria suggest
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Urinary/Genital injury or infection
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Estimate Child Weights
1 year 5 years 10 years |
1= 10kg
5= 20kg 10= 30kg |
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1 breath for every in cpr
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3 seconds or 20 a minute
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Most common type of shock is hypovolemic shock, and it is caused from
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Hemorrhage, burns and dehydration.
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Distributive Shock is the result of an abnormality in the distribution of
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Blood flow or inability of the body to maintain vascular tone through vasoconstriction.
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Septic shock is most common form of distributive shock and it occurs when
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Microbial toxins are present in blood
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Anaphylaxis, central nervous system or spinal injury and drug intoxication are other forms of _________ shock
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Distributive Shock
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Signs of Hypovolemic Shock
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Dry mucous membranes, depressed fontanel, cold clammy skin, oliguria, poor skin turgor, reduced capillary refill
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Signs of Distributive Shock (Septic) Early
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Vasodilation, extermities that are warm to touch, purpuric skin lesions, tachypnea
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Signs of Septic Shock Late
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Rapid, thready pulse, cyanosis, cold clammy skin, narrow pulse pressure, oliguria or anuria
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Signs of Cardiogenic Shock
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Hepatomegaly, Cardiomegaly, increased central venous pressure, periorbital edema, crackles, diaphoresis, oliguria, reduced capillary refill, reduced peripheral pulses
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Cardiogenic shock occurs when
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Myocardial function is impaired so that cardiac output is not sufficient to meet the body's metabolic demands
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