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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrition |
the study of how nutrients in foods and the study of how the body can handle them |
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Nutrition includes: |
-Digestion -Absorption -Transport -Metabolism -Interaction Storage -Excretion |
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Nutrients |
defined as any food constituent that aids in the support of life - growth, tissue, maintenance, health |
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some of the main ways products vary |
pet owners are faced with products that will vary in nutrition, digestibility, palatability and cost |
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AAFCO stands for |
Association of American Feed Control Officials |
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AAFCO is responsible for |
sets standards for substantiation claims and provides an advisory committee for state legislation |
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NRC stands for |
National Research Council |
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NRC is responsible for |
collects and evaluates research and makes nutrient recommendations |
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FDA stands for |
Food and Drug Administration |
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FDA is responsible for |
specifies permitted ingredients and manufacturing procedures |
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USDA stands for |
Unite States Department of Agriculture |
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USDA is responsible for |
regulating pet food labels and research facilities |
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PFI stands for |
Pet food Institute |
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PFI is responsible for |
trade organization that represents pet food manufacturers |
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List governing agencies which set standards for and regulate pet foods |
-AAFCO -NRC -FDA -USDA -PFI |
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essential nutrients |
nutrients that cannot be produced by the body at a rate adequate to meet body's needs and must be supplied by diet |
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nonessential nutrients |
nutrients that are produced by the body and can be made by the body and/or obtained by diet |
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functions of nutrients |
-act as structural component of body -assist with chemical reactions in body; simply called metabolism -transport substances throughout the body -help regulate body temperature -affect palatability which increases consumption -supply energy |
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carbohydrates |
-not a required nutrient -necessary for the production of kibble/dry food -provides energy, vitamins/minerals, maintains proper GI function -sources are vegetables, grains |
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protein |
-building blocks of the body -quality is just as important as quantity -sources are meat. fish, eggs and other dairy
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fat |
-major source of energy, palatability enhancer -sources are oils, animal fats |
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sources of carbohydrates |
-vegetables -grains |
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sources of proteins |
-meat -fish -eggs -other dairy |
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sources of fats |
-oils -animal fats |
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when was the extrusion process first developed |
1950 |
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which company first developed the extrusion process |
purina |
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when did food produced by extrusion enter grocery stores? |
-1957 -best selling pet food one year later |
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depending on the manufacturing process (if manufactured incorrectly/poorly) what can extrusion result in? |
-loss in vitamins and nutrients -poor digestibility -stool issues (large volumes, poor quality, frequent defecation)
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most of the dry foods in the US (kibbles, biscuits, meals) are produced using what? |
extrusion |
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what is extrusion? |
-a cooking process in which the raw ingredients are mixed together and rapidly cooked under high heat and pressure -the soft mixture is pushed through a small opening called a "die" to create various shapes and sizes of the dry food -after the pieces have cooled, a coating of fat is sprayed onto the pieces - this is called enrobing and increases the palatability and caloric density |
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why use extrusions? |
-results in thorough breakdown of starches -mixture of small peptides, fatty acids and amino acids -increased digestibility and palatability -kills bacterial contaminants |
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when was the biscuit made and by whom? |
1860, James Spratt |
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When was canned food developed and by whom? |
1900s, the Chappel brothers |
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when were pet foods available in feed stores |
eary 1900s |
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What was the first company to sell "meal" in grocery stores? |
-Nabisco (National Biscuit Company) was the first company to sell a new type of dog food called "meal" in grocery stores |
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Nabisco stands for |
National Biscuit Company |
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When was the new type of dog food called "meal" developed and by whom? |
1930s, Samuel Gains |
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what appears on a pet food label? |
-guaranteed analysis (GA) -ingredient list -metabolizable energy (ME) -caloric density -recommended life stages feeding -substantiation claims -expiration date and/or date of manufacturing |
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ME stands for... |
metabolizable energy |
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GA stands for... |
Guaranteed analysis |
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What is required to be part of the guaranteed analysis? |
-provide percentages for: -min. of protein & fat -max. of moisture & fiber |
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what is an optional part of the guaranteed analysis? |
-ash, magnesium, EFA (essential fatty acids) |
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what is NOT listed as part of the guaranteed analysis? |
-carbohydrate percentage |
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EFA stands for... |
essential fatty acids |
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can you determine quality of pet food from guaranteed analysis? |
it is impossible determine product quality from the GA alone |
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how are ingredients list? |
in decreasing order according to weight |
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what do you want to see listed first on the ingredient list? |
a named meat or fish (ex: chicken, beef, lamb, salmon, duck) |
