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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acne |
Etiological Agent: propionibacterium acnes Signs Symptoms: Skin - Superficial, Rash, many pimples Treatment: Time, loss of hormone, does not require antibiotic Transmission: Not communicable Outcome: Clears up Other: Anaerobic |
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Anthrax (cutaneous) |
Etiological Agent: Bacillus anthracis SS: Skin - abrasions of skin, black sores from toxin spreading out Treatment: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin Transmission: Contact of skin abrasions Outcome: Not usually life threatening, 20% without treatment Other: Usually an herbivore disease. Seen on African drums because they are made from hides of animals. Can use chlorine dioxide for building decontamination. Very hard to get rid of all spores. GM+ |
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Anthrax (GI tract) |
Etiological Agent: Bacillus anthracis SS: Skin - abrasions of skin, black sores from toxin spreading out Treatment: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin Transmission: Ingestion; animal vector Outcome: Harder to treat, 50% chance of survival. Other: GM+ |
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Anthrax (Respiratory - Inhaled) |
Etiological Agent: Bacillus anthracis SS: Skin - cold & flu-like symptoms, chills, vomiting, cough, fatigue, etc. Treatment: Antibiotics: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin Transmission: Airborne; animal vector Outcome: Usually fatal Other: Migrates to lymph glands. GM+ |
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Chicken Pox |
Etiological Agent: Chicken pox virus, Varacella zoster SS: itchy rash Treatment: Comfort regulation Prevention: Chicken Pox vaccine Transmission: Skin contact Outcome: Immunity Other: Virus stays in body and can reactivate later as Shingles. |
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Flesh-eating bacteria |
Etiological Agent: strep pyogenes, staph-aureus SS: redness, swelling, pain, skin and tissue starts to die Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Open wounds exposed to sea water, bruising, insect bite, etc Outcome: Amputation, death Other: Can be transmitted to another person if the person exposed has an open wounds, chicken pox, or an impaired immune system. |
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Gas gangrene |
Etiological Agent: Clostridium perfringens SS: Loss of circulation that spreads. Green then black skin. Gas. Prevention: Precautions after deep wounds Treatment: Oxygen chamber has been tried; remove infectious area Transmission: Deeply broken skin, rabies, animals, food-borne Outcome: Amputation Other: Strict anaerobe, produces toxins, Diabetes. Excessive sugar concentration can encourage growth. |
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Impetigo |
Etiological Agent: strep pyogenes, staph-aureus SS: Red sores, blisters, itchy rash, swollen lymph nodes Treatment: Antibiotics, antibacterial creams Transmission: Highly contagious through fomite and contact Outcome: Recovery. Sometimes infants get another skin disease Other: One of most common skin infections in children. Thought to be caused by multiple bacteria |
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Measles |
Etiological Agent: Measles virus SS: Skin - rash, swelling; Koplik spots Prevention: Vaccine Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Airborne; highly contagious Outcome: Lifelong immunity if natural. Not if vaccinated; need a few. Other: Can lead to serious brain infection (subacute sclerosing pancephalitis) that causes the brain to swell. |
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Scarlet fever |
Etiological Agent: strep pyogenes SS: Pharyngitis, red rash, fever, nausea, swollen gland, etc. Prevention: Hygiene, avoid sharing utensils and food Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Airborne; Respiratory Tract Outcome: Can cause kidney disease, ear infections, heart infections (rheumatic fever) Other: Each disease caused by Pharyngitis is a progression of symptoms |
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Scalded skin syndrome |
Etiological Agent: Staph aureus SS: Blisters, fever, skin may peel away Prevention: N/A Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Skin Outcome: Full recovery Other: Most common in infants and children under 5 |
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Shingles |
Etiological Agent: Varicella zoster virus SS: Rash, pain; inflammation of nerve cells Prevention: Vaccine Treatment: Main meds, Transmission: Not transmissible as Shingles, but can transfer chicken pox to someone who hasn't had it Outcome: Recovery Other: More common in people 60+ b/c immune sys is starting to deteriorate |
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Tinea (Ringworm) |
Etiological Agent: Trichophyton, Microsporin SS: Topical (skin) - burning, itching sensations Prevention: Stay dry Treatment: Antibiotic Transmission: High moisture content. Abrasions make it easier. Outcome: Full recovery; usually easy to get rid of. Other: Fungal disease; can grow anywhere. Has many names such as Capsis (scalp), and Pedis (foot). |
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Warts |
Etiological Agent: Papilloma virus SS: Benign warts Prevention: N/A Treatment: Removal, occlusion Transmission: N/A Outcome: Not all need to be treated and not all is successful Other: |
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Tinea pedis (Athlete's Foot) |
Etiological Agent: Trichophyton, Microsporin SS: On foot - burning, itching sensations, blisters Prevention: Stay dry Treatment: Antibiotics - Miconazole Transmission: High moisture content. Abrasions make it easier. Outcome: Harder to treat than other Tinea types, but not impossible. Other: Fungal disease |
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Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye) |
Etiological Agent: Adenoviruses, Staph aureus, Strep pneumoniae SS: Eye - Redness, increased tearing, yellow discharge, itchiness, etc Prevention: Hygiene Treatment: Depends on cause Transmission: Through tears getting onto skin and surfaces. High infectious dose (ID) is needed. Outcome: Recovery Other: Can be causes by irritants and allergies |
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Trachoma - Eye Infection |
Etiological Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis SS: Eye - Prevention: Safe sex on the mother's part Treatment: Antibiotic Transmission: Infects infants born vaginally to infected mothers Outcome: Blindness if not treated quickly. Other: |
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Meningitis |
Etiological Agent: Neisseria Meningitidis, Listeria Monocytogenes, Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast), Coccidioides immitis (fungus), Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae SS: Swelling of meninges, stiff neck, fever, nausea, vomitting, confusion Prevention: Reduce germ exposure. Treatment: Antibiotic therapy Transmission: Inhalation, usually. Cheese. Outcome: 10-14% mortality rate Other: Low to no sugar levels in spinal fluid can indicate infection. NS |
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Encephalitis |
Brain infection. Acute inflammation of the brain. SS: Headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, fatigue. Causes: Viral, Bacterial, parasites, and protozoa Nervous system |
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African Sleeping Sickness |
Etiological Agent: Trypanosoma protozoa SS: Slurred speech, local paralysis Prevention: Treatment: Antimicrobials Transmission: Tsetse fly Outcome: Other: Not a common insect outside of Africa. NS |
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Botulism (Adult) |
Etiological Agent: Clostridium Botulinum SS: Flaccid paralysis Prevention: Don't eat infected food Treatment: Antitoxin Transmission: Food-borne; must ingest formed toxin Outcome: 5-10% mortality rate Other: Spores won't germinate in GI or Stomach b/c of acidity. NS |
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Botulism (Infant) |
Etiological Agent: Clostridium Botulinum SS: Paralysis Treatment: N/A Transmission: Ingestion of spores Outcome: Death if not treated quickly Other: Honey is not safe for children under a year old b/c of spores. NS |
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Botulism (Wound) |
Etiological Agent: Clostridium Botulinum SS: Paralysis Prevention: None Treatment: Antitoxin Transmission: Spores in deep wound. Outcome: 10% mortality rate Other: Anaerobic. NS
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Bovine Spongioform Encephalitis (BSE) |
Cow disease that is transmissible to humans through infected meat. May take a few years to show signs/symptoms. NS |
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Prion |
Protein that causes problems with the creation of the body's protein. |
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Creutzfieldt Jacobs Disease (CJD) |
Etiological Agent: Prion SS: failing memory, behavioral changes, lack of coordination Outcome: Death in 90% of cases Nervous system |
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Polio (infantile paralysis) |
Etiological Agent: Enterovirus (bacteria) SS: Paralysis, blocks neuromuscular signals Prevention: Vaccine Treatment: Vaccine Transmission: Water-borne Outcome: Lungs can eventually stop and host suffocates Other: GI tract; got close to eradicating it, but some areas refuse to use vaccines |
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Rabies |
Etiological Agent: Rabies Virus SS: Slow paralysis of CNS, fear of water (hydrophobia), madness Treatment: Vaccine within days of the bite Transmission: Bite from vector Outcome: Madness then death; Fatal without vaccine in time Other: 55,000 human fatalities/yr. Raccoons, foxes, bats spread it in US |
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Scrapie |
Etiological Agent: Prion SS: Wasting, degeneration Treatment: None Transmission: Unknown; perhaps urine Outcome: Death for animal Other: Spongiform encephalopathy. Sheep and goats. Related to BSE |
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Tetanus "Lock-Jaw" |
Etiological Agent: Clostridium tetani SS: spastic paralysis, locking of the back and jaw Prevention: Vaccine Transmission: Skin puncture (dirt) Outcome: Eventually death without treatment Other: Toxins cause paralysis |
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Toxoplasma Gondia |
Etiological Agent: Parasitic protozoa Transmission: All warm-blooded animals
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West Nile Fever |
Etiological Agent: West Nile Virus Transmission: Mosquito Reservoir: Birds NS |
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Strep Pyogenes |
Pharyngitis Rheumatic Fever Scarlet Fever Impetigo Necrotizing Fasciitis
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Western Equine Encephalitis |
Horse Virus Transmission: Bite from vector Treatment: None Birds are carriers NS |
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Acute Endocarditis |
Etiologic Agents: Staph aureus, Strep, Neisseria gonohoreae Outcome: Heart failure Heart infection; bacterial growth on heart valves
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Bacteremia |
Presence of bacteria in the blood. Blood is normally sterile. Treatment: Antibiotics Transient bacteremia occurs during teeth brushing.
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Bubonic Plague - Black Death |
Etiological Agent: Yersinia Pestis SS: Swelling of lymph nodes (buboe). Blackened skin Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Flea bites that have been on infected rats. Can become airborne. Outcome: Treatable Other: Rats are reservoirs, fleas are vectors. Respiratory tract. GM- |
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Ebola Fever |
Etiological Agent: Ebola Virus SS: Hemmhoraging in GI tract, high fever Treatment: None, support therapy Transmission: Fruit bats, primates. Outcome: High mortality rate Other: Newer strain. Replicates longer in humans than the previous version |
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Hemmhoratic Ebola |
Etiological Agent: Ebola Virus SS: Fever, external bleeding Treatment: None; support therapy Transmission: Fruit bats, primates Outcome: High morality rate Other: Not originally well-suited for humans |
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Lyme's Disease |
Etiological Agent: Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria SS: Inflammation of joints, bull's eye rash around bite Treatment: Antibiotic Transmission: Tick bites that were on deer or mice Outcome: Need prompt treatment; may not recover fully Other: Spirochaete |
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Fomite |
Inanimate objects |
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Spirochaete |
Bacteria with long corkscrew-shaped cells. Have flagella Anaerobic
Ex. Lyme's Disease, Syphilis, Leptospirosis |
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Fastidious |
Has a high or complex nutrient requirement for growth. |
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Mononucleosis, Infectious |
Etiological Agent: Epstein Barr Virus SS: Tiredness, lethargy, low fever Treatment: None; support therapy Transmission: Saliva Outcome: Recovery Other: Need lots of rest. Gets into blood cells called Monocytes |
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Pneumonic Plague |
Etiological Agent: Yersinia Pestis SS: Respiratory tract issues Treatment: Transmission: Airborne version Outcome: Other: Type of Septicemia |
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Septicemia "Sepsis" |
Whole-body inflammation caused by infection. Bacteria growing in circulatory system/bloodstream. |
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Subacute Endocarditis |
Etiologic Agent: Streptococci Treatment: Penicillin Transmission: Oral cavity bacteria driven into circulatory system Outcome: Damaged heart |
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Diseases caused by Aedes mosquitoes |
Chikungunya Dengue Yellow Fever |
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Diseases caused by Anopholes Mosquitoes, females |
Malaria |
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Malaria |
Etiologic Agent: 4 kinds of Plasmodium parasite. Plasmodium vivax is most serious Transmission: Female anopholes mosquitoes or contaminated blood transfusion (bloodborne) Other: Replicates in red blood cells then in liver, then back.
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Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever |
Rickettsia Rickettsii bacteria Ticks Grows in cells, but won't grown on petri dish |
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Yellow Fever |
Yellow Fever Virus Treatment: 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine Transmission: Aedes mosquito |
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Whooping Cough - Pertussis |
Bordetella Pertussis bacteria Vaccine Anaerobic |
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Common Cold |
Rhinovirus, coronavirus Lower Respiratory tract No cure Airborne; eye is most common portal Many, many strains |
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Diphtheria |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria Vaccine Cytotoxin is produced Bacteria stick together as snapping divisions. Virus that infects the bacteria actually makes the toxin.
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Otitis Media (Ear Infection) |
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B - bacteria SS: Fever, sore throat Airborne |
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Flu |
influenza viruses LRT Treatment: Tamiflu |
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Histoplasmosis |
Histoplasma capsulatum fungus Transmission: Inhalation, found in soil near unoccupied bird roosts Found in Ohio Valley. |
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome |
Hantavirus Severe acute respiratory disease |
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Legionere's DIsease |
Legionella pneumophila bacteria Treatment: Erythromycin Transmission: Water mist inhalation Outcome: Many die Other: Penicillin is not effective
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Pneumonia |
Strep pneumoniae (cell wall), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (no cell wall)
SS: Fever, LRT
Many people die from this
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Pontiac Fever |
Legionella pneumophila bacteria SS: Mild URT infection, sore throat
Transmission: Water mist (aerosol)
Discovered in Pontiac, MI |
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Tuberculosis (TB) |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Are becoming more resistant Multiple antibacteria at once Airborne
Can wall off in calcified areas to become active again later |
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Tuberculosis of Cattle |
Mycobacterium bovis
Transmission: Unpasteurized milk |
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Bacillus cereus |
GI Tract bacteria SS: Diarrhea, vomiting Transmission: Soil on vegetables |
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Campylobacter |
GI Tract bacteria SS: Watery stool Most common cause of diarrhea in the US
Associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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Cholera |
Vibrio cholerae bacteria SS: Diarrhea, severe fluid loss Transmission: Ocean/estuary waters, crustaceans, oysters Outcome: Death if not treated properly Other: Not heat tolerant |
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Clostridium perfringens |
Diarrhea, vomitting Food-borne Not life-threatening Self-limiting |
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E. coli Outbreak |
E. coli O157:H7 SS: GI issues, kidney failure Transmission: Undercooked ground beef Outcome: Children can die from it Associated with cattle |
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Hepatitis |
Virus Liver infection Can be life threatening |
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Hepatitis A |
RNA virus Vaccine Transmission: fecal-oral, water, oysters, & crustaceans
Associated with travel |
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Hepatitis C |
RNA virus Bloodborne |
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Norovirus |
Viral SS: Diarrhea, vomiting Transmission: Fecal-oral Other: Most common foodborne disease on earth |
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Rotovirus |
Viral SS: Diarrhea in children Outcome: Life-threatening to children between 6-24 months |
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Salmonellosis |
Salmonella bacteria SS: GI distress, diarrhea, cramps, vomiting Treat with rest Not life-threatening
Often foodborne due to undercooked poultry
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Shigella - bacterial dysentery |
E. Coli strain SS: Blood in stool, diarrhea, vomiting Transmission: Fecal-oral
Heat-stable toxin. |
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Staph Infection |
Staph aureus bacteria SS: Severe diarrhea and vomiting Transmission: Food containing toxin; hands
Other: Food-poisoning by toxin in food. Heat-stable toxin. |
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Typhoid Fever |
Typhi bacteria SS: Septicemia Treatment: Antimicrobial or antibacterial, antibiotics Transmission: Poor hygiene and sanitation Outcome: Can be life-threatening |
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Giardiasis |
Giardia protozoa SS: Long-standing diarrheas, abdominal pain, gas Treatment: Flagyl/metronidazole
Transmission: Fresh water |
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Cryptosporidium |
Cryptosporidium protozoa SS: watery diarrhea Treatment: Flagyl/metronidazole Prevention: Chlorination Transmission: Fresh water Outcome: Self-limiting; recovery Other: Can sometimes last a year or more |
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Cyclosporiasis |
Cyclospora/Bacterim Protozoan SS: Diarrhea Treatment: Trimethopin sulfomethoxazole Transmission: Fecal contamination of fresh produce
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Mumps |
Mumps virus SS: Swelling of salivary glands, pain and swelling of groin Treatment: MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Transmission: Aerosol Other: Does not cause male sterility |
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Helicobacter pylori |
Bacteria SS: Stomach infection, ulcer Treatment: Antibiotics Outcome: Can eat through stomach Other; Produces Ammonia to counteract stomach acids; detected through breathalyzer test |
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Dental Caries |
Lactobacillus, Strep SS: Plaque, tarter, discoloration, etc Treatment/Prevention: Fluoridation of water, brush teeth, etc Outcome: Tooth erosion Anaerobic |
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Pariodontal Disease |
Advanced caries Tooth falls out Oxygen-tolerant |
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Antibiotic Associated Colitis, Pseudo-Membranous Colitis |
Clostridium difficile bacteria SS: Severe diarrhea Treatment: Flagyl/metronidazole Transmission: Excessive antibiotic intake that suppresses the immune system |
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Vaginitis (Yeast Infection) |
Candida albicans fungus SS: Inflammation, itching Treatment: Mystatin, Azoles Other: Most common vaginal infectious agent |
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Trichomoniasis |
Trichomonas vaginalis protozoa SS: Greenish discharge, inflammation Treatment: Flagyl/metronidazole
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Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) |
Diverse/Mixed Bacteria SS: Infection without inflammation, off-white discharge Cause: Imbalance of normal microbiota Treatment: Flagyl/metronidazole |
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Gonorrhoeae |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria SS: Women are usually asymptomatic; Men have painful discharge Treatment: Doxycycline
STD |
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Chlamydia |
Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria SS: No inflammation. Usually asymptomatic Treatment: Doxycycline Outcome: Sterility, infertility if not treated; can lead to PID
STD |
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Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID) |
Untreated Gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia infection
Outcome: Sterility, infertility
STD
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Syphillis |
Treponema pallidum syphillis bacteria SS: 3 stages which include lesions, rash, and infection of the brain or heart Treatment: Penicilin Outcome: Death without treatment Other: Needs moist surface; fastidious; hard to grown in lab - Spirochaete STD |
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Genital Warts |
Human Papilloma Virus HPV Vaccine Can cause cancer |
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Herpes genitalis |
Herpes simplex virus SS: Ulcers on genitals Treatment: Acyclovir during active period can shorten outbreaks
STD
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Leptospirosis |
Leptospira bacteria - spirochaete Transmission: Animals urinating into water supply
Other: Affects kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes |
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UTI |
E. Coli bacteria, can be caused by viruses or fungi in rare cases Common in women Treated with antibiotics SS: Pain, inflammation Other: Has a different name depending on what is infected |
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Cystitis |
Bladder UTI |
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Pyelonephritis |
Kidney UTI |
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Urethritis |
Urethra UTI |
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Yellow Fever vector? |
Mosquito |
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Miconazole |
Antifungal agent
Affective against Tinea Pedis |
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Bullseye Rash |
Lyme's Disease |
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Female anopholes mosquito |
Malaria |
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Hepatitis B |
DNA virus Bloodborne |
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Haemophilus unfluenza |
DOES NOT cause the flu. |
