Intro To Microbiology

Front 1

this is the study of microscopic organisms?

Back 1

microbiology

Front 2

what are the subdivisions of microbiology?

Back 2

Bacteriology,mycoloy.virology and parasitology

Front 3

this man was a expert in lens grinding and optics and first reported animalcules?

Back 3

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Front 4

this appeared to occur primarily in decaying materr?

Back 4

spontaneous generation

Front 5

Aristotle could arise from this?

Back 5

spontaneous generation

Front 6

What view was changed by Francessco Redi? and perforemed what experiment?

Back 6

Spontaneous generation and with rotting meat

Front 7

What 1745 English clergyman ?proposed what term?

Back 7

-John Needham
-experiment

Front 8

John Needham did what experiment?

Back 8

heating and sealing of meat broth in vessel, finding microorganisms

Front 9

who modified needhams experiment?

Back 9

-lazzaro spallanzani

Front 10

who performed the first vaccination against smallpoxs?

Back 10

Edward Jenner

Front 11

when did Jenner publish his vaccination?

Back 11

1798

Front 12

who made proof of microbes are reproduced from parent organisms and proved spontaneous generation was false?

Back 12

Louis Pateur

Front 13

what is the showing that life comes from life?

Back 13

biogenesis

Front 14

who developed germ theory of fermentaion?

Back 14

Louis Pateur

Front 15

what is it called when you kill bacteria in milk,beer, and wine by heating?

Back 15

pasteurization

Front 16

this is when microorganisms called bacteria are responsible for causing specific diseases in both human and animals?

Back 16

germ theory of disease

Front 17

these are weakened or inactive forms of the pathogen that are incapable of causing disease

Back 17

attenuated pathogens

Front 18

this is when you inject into an uninfected person, it allows the person to develope what?

Back 18

immunity

Front 19

this man set precedent for the development of sound and the study of microorganisms?

Back 19

louis pasteur

Front 20

this man discovered the means of preventing puerperal fever?

Back 20

ignaz semmelweis

Front 21

this man insisted that people wash there hands in chrolorinated solution?

Back 21

ignaz semmelweiz

Front 22

this man died of blood poisoning?

Back 22

ignaz semmelweiz

Front 23

this man in 1866 introduced carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

Back 23

joseph lister

Front 24

This man proved his principle of antisepsis?

Back 24

joesph lister

Front 25

who came up with koch's postulates?

Back 25

robert koch

Front 26

this man used postulate to uncover the bacteria that caused anthrax,tuberculosis,cholera, diptheria and typhoid?

Back 26

robert koch

Front 27

this man discovered that mosquitoes carry the yellow fever?

Back 27

Major Walter Reed

Front 28

first volunteer patient to be infected by mosquito bite?

Back 28

Private John Kissinger

Front 29

this man developed the cure for syphillis?

Back 29

Paul Ehrlich

Front 30

what did Paul Ehrlich administer to cure syphillis?

Back 30

arsenic called salvarsan

Front 31

the use of selectiely toxic drugs to treat disease?

Back 31

chemotherapy

Front 32

this man accidentally discovered Pencillin?

Back 32

Alexander Fleming

Front 33

these two developed a polio vaccine for polio?

Back 33

Jonas salk and albert Sabinthese

Front 34

these two discovered the hiv virus?

Back 34

luc montagnier and robert gallo

Front 35

these have two sets of lenses and can view eukaryotic cells and most bacteria?

Back 35

compound microscopes

Front 36

this microscope has a light sorce from below and the background is light?

Back 36

brightfield

Front 37

this microscope is used for fluorescent imaging and the background is dark?

Back 37

darkfield

Front 38

this type of microscope is used for dead cells and can view subcellular?

Back 38

electron microscopes

Front 39

scanning electon microscope magnifies at what_x+ and what_kind of images?

Back 39

250,3d

Front 40

transmission electron microscope manifies at what_x+ and what_kind of images?

Back 40

250,2d

Front 41

What are the two sets of lenses? and what x do they run to?

Back 41

-ocular-10x
-objective-3-5 lenses,4x,10x,40x,100x

Front 42

total magnification=

Back 42

ocular x objective

Front 43

what lens sit in immersion oil and replaces air and keeps light rays from bending,so they can enter the objective lens?

Back 43

oil immersion lesn

Front 44

what is binocular view?

Back 44

bifocal

Front 45

once a object is in focus on low magnification, the object will stay in focus is?

Back 45

parfocal

Front 46

this is the ability of a lens to seperate or distinguish between two small objects that are close together?

Back 46

resolution

Front 47

all substances are made of small particles called what?

Back 47

atoms

Front 48

this is a quantity of matter composed od atoms of the same type?

Back 48

element

Front 49

what does a atom consist of?

Back 49

a nucleus

Front 50

this is negatively charged and moves about the nucleus in energy levels?

Back 50

electrons

Front 51

nucleus contains postively charged? and uncharged?

Back 51

protons,neutrons

Front 52

these are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element?

Back 52

atom

Front 53

what are the three types of subatomic particles?

Back 53

protons, neutrons and electrons

Front 54

these elements are given letter abbreviations called?

Back 54

chemical symbols

Front 55

this is formed when two or more atoms are joined together?

Back 55

molecules

Front 56

this is formed when two or more atoms or molecules are joined together and has different properties?

Back 56

compounds

Front 57

compounds are represented by_____that shows the proprtion of each element in the compound?

Back 57

formulas

Front 58

in a______a substance called the solvent dissolves another substance called the solute.

Back 58

solution

Front 59

usually there is more of this than a solute in a solution?

Back 59

solvent

Front 60

a substance that can readily dissolve in a solvent is said to be what?

Back 60

soluble

Front 61

this compound usually lacks carbon and are simple molecules?

Back 61

inorganic compounds

Front 62

this compound always contains arbon and hydrogen and usually contains oxygen. they are complex molecules

Back 62

organic compound

Front 63

Only some have hydrogen and carbon?

Back 63

hydrocarbons

Front 64

this organic compound always contains has several properties that makes it particularly useful to living organisms?

Back 64

carbon

Front 65

this can't dissolve easily in water?

Back 65

carbon compounds

Front 66

what holds carbon compounds are mostly or entirely held by?

Back 66

covalent bonds

Front 67

what is a good source of energy?

Back 67

organic compounds

Front 68

this provides most of the energy needed for life and includes sugars,starches, glycogen and cellulose?

Back 68

carbohydrates

Front 69

what are the three major groups of carbohyrdrates?

Back 69

monosaccharides,disaccharides and polysaccharides

Front 70

this contains three to seven carbon atoms and includes glucose?

Back 70

monosaccharides

Front 71

what is the main energy-supplying compound of the body?

Back 71

hexose

Front 72

what are the three simple sugars humas absorb without further digestion in our small intestine?

Back 72

Glucose,fructose and galactose

Front 73

this sugar is found in syrup and honey?

Back 73

glucose

Front 74

this sugar is found in fruit?

Back 74

fructose

Front 75

this sugar is found in dairy products?

Back 75

galactose

Front 76

this is formed from two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis release a water molecule?

Back 76

Disaccharides

Front 77

What is sucrose?

Back 77

glucose and fructose

Front 78

what is maltose?

Back 78

glucose and glucose

Front 79

what is lactose?

Back 79

glucose and galactose

Front 80

this is the largest carbohydrate and may contain hundrends of monosaccharides combined to form a polmer?

Back 80

polysaccharides

Front 81

this includes cellulose and starch?

Back 81

plant polysaccharides

Front 82

this is the principle polysaccharide in the human body?

Back 82

glycogen

Front 83

glcogen is stored where?

Back 83

liver or sketal muscle

Front 84

this contains carbon,hydrogen and oxygen they don't have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen?

Back 84

lipids

Front 85

simple lipids contain what?

Back 85

-one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
-includes fats and oils
-can be saturated or unsaturated

Front 86

compound lids contain what?

Back 86

phospholids and glycolipids

Front 87

derived lipids contain what?

Back 87

-includes steriods,vitamin d, and cholesterol and fat soluble vitamin a,e,k
-slouble in fat solvents

Front 88

how is saturation of triglycerides determined by?

Back 88

by the number of single or double covalent bonds

Front 89

this contains single covalent bonds and are coverd with hydrogen atoms?

Back 89

saturated fat

Front 90

these are not completely covered with hydrogen?

Back 90

monounsaturated fats

Front 91

this contains even less hydrogen atoms?

Back 91

polyunsaturated fats

Front 92

this gives structure to the body,regulate process,provide protection, help muscle to contract,transport substance and seve as enzymes?

Back 92

protein

Front 93

this is made of subunits called amino acids?

Back 93

protein

Front 94

how many combinations are proteins constructed from?

Back 94

20 amino acids

Front 95

this is formed from 2 amino acids?

Back 95

dipeptides

Front 96

this is formed from 2 amino acids joined by a covalent bond called?

Back 96

peptide bond

Front 97

this has chains formed from 10 to 2000 amino acids?

Back 97

polypeptides

Front 98

this is when a protein by a hostile environment causes loss of its characteristics shape and function?

Back 98

denaturation

Front 99

what is the primary structural organization?

Back 99

is unique sequence of amino acids

Front 100

what is the secondary loevl of structural organization

Back 100

is alpha helix or pleated sheet folding

Front 101

this it the tertiary levels of structural organization?

Back 101

is 3-dimensional shape of polypeptide chain

Front 102

the quaternarylevel of structural organizations is?

Back 102

interaction of multiple popetide chains-not all protiens have quaternary structure.

Front 103

this is the function of a protein depends on its ability to bind another molecule?

Back 103

protein denaturation

Front 104

this is a specialized protein molecules that help control various chemical reactions in the body?

Back 104

enzymes

Front 105

what are enzymes know as?

Back 105

catalysts

Front 106

these are huge organic molecules that contain carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen and phosphrous

Back 106

nucleic acids

Front 107

this forms the genetic code inside each cell and thereby regulates most of the activities that take place in our cells throughout a lifetime

Back 107

deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 108

relays instructions from the genes in the cell's nucleus to guide each cell's assembly of amino acids into proteins by the ribosomes?

Back 108

ribonucleic acid