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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early Malaria Discoveries |
Laveran-Malaria parasite found in blood
Ross-malaria in mosquitoes and bird malaria by Culex mosquitoes
Grassi-complete development of malaria in mosquitoes
Sambon and Low-transmission of human malaria by mosquitoes
Watson and Christophers-only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit human malaria parasites |
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Early Arboviruses Discoveries |
Reed-Aedes aegypti and yellow fever
Graham- Aedes aegypti transmission of dengue fever |
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Early trypanosomiasis Discoveries |
Bruce-trypanosomes in cattle blood, Tsetse fly transmission of trypanosomes and to humans
Chagas-triatomine bug and trypansosomes (chagas disease)
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Arthropod Characteristics |
Phylum Anthropoda
Bilaterally symmetrical
Segmented
Jointed legs
Exoskeleton |
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other discoveries... |
Patrick Manson: Culex quinquefasciatus intermediate host for filial parasite Wuchereria Bancrofti (elephantiasis)
Blalock: black flies and Onochocerciasis (river blindness)
Spielman: ticks and lyme disease |
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Arthropod Classification: Celicerata |
Arachnida, Xiphosure |
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Arthropod Classification: Mandibuata |
Trilobita, Myriapoda, Insecta, Crustacea |
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Direct cause of disease or distress |
ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, mites)
endoparasites (chigoe flea, myasis)
envenomization (bees, wasps, spiders)
allergic reactions (dust mites)
delusory parasistosis
entomophobia |
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Characters: Insecta |
head, thorax, abdomen, 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antenna, 1 to 2 pairs of wings or wingless, and mandibles |
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Characters: Arachnida |
cephalothorax, abdomen, 4 pairs of legs, 1 pair of chelicerae and 1 pair of pedipalp |
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Indirect causes: arthropods as vectors |
mechanical and biological transmission |
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Mechanical Transmission |
no development or multiplication of pathogen in vector
multiple routes of infection
direct: agents transferred directly between an infected host to susceptible host (Yaws and eye gnats)
indirect: arthropods transmit pathogen picked up from source to susceptible host (flies and enteric disease, cockroaches, nosocomial infections)
Mouthparts, body/legs hair, sticky pads on feet, fecal deposition, regurgitation |
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Biological Transmission |
agent develops and/or propagates within the vector
horizontal, vertical, or veneral
horizontal transmission by a vector between vertebrate hosts (salivation)
vertical transmission in a vector species or population
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Vector capacity |
number of potentially infective bites received daily by a single host
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