Intro To It 2

Front 1

The first generation of computers occurred when

Back 1

Between approximately the mid 1940's in the late 1950s

Front 2

The second generation of computers occurred when

Back 2

Around 1959 until 1965

Front 3

The third generation of computers occurred when

Back 3

It lasted until the early 19 seventies

Front 4

The 4th generation of computers occurred when

Back 4

Right now

Front 5

We're first generation computers considered an expensive or more expensive when compared to today's computers

Back 5

Expensive even without accounting for inflation first generation computers were far more expensive than today's computers

Front 6

What made first generation computers less reliable than today's computers

Back 6

One relatively short shelf life of vacuum tubes to the difficulty of programming by physically connecting separate pieces of hardware and 3 high feel your rates

Front 7

What did first generation computers used for storage

Back 7

Vacuum tubes

Front 8

Which world were quick in the development of first generation computers

Back 8

Ww2

Front 9

What does Enia C stand for

Back 9

Electronic numerical integrator and computer

Front 10

What is Eniac?

Back 10

The first digital general-purpose programmable computer that replaced analog computers

Front 11

What characteristic of en IAC is unique from analog computers

Back 11

En IAC perform decimal calculations

Front 12

In which generation of computers were magnetic core memory introduced

Back 12

Second generation computers

Front 13

What is magnetic core memory

Back 13

Small rings made of magnetic materials placed in a wire mesh framework

Front 14

How does each ring in a magnetic core memory store one bit

Back 14

By having magnetic current rotate in either clockwise or counterclockwise fashion

Front 15

How much does each ring in a magnetic core memory store

Back 15

One bit

Front 16

What is the logic of a second generation computer accomplished with

Back 16

Controlling the fetch execute cycle and performing the arithmetic and logic operations

Front 17

What is the logic of a second generation computer accomplish with

Back 17

Transistors

Front 18

How many transistors are needed for a NOT operation in a second generation computer

Back 18

2

Front 19

How many transistors are needed for an and or or operation in a second generation computer

Back 19

06

Front 20

How many transistors are needed for a one bit addition circuit in a second generation computer

Back 20

28

Front 21

The two new pieces of hardware that symbolize the second generation computers included

Back 21

Magnetic core memory and transistor

Front 22

Second generation computers were called

Back 22

Mainframe computers

Front 23

What are mainframe computers

Back 23

Computers built around a solid metal framework

Front 24

What are the three major developments associated with second generation computers

Back 24

1 reduced physical size to larger main memory capabilities and 3 external storage began shifting from tapes to disk drives

Front 25

What year were silicon chips first used in computers

Back 25

1964

Front 26

What is IC

Back 26

Integrated chips

Front 27

Silicon chips were also referred to as

Back 27

Printed circuits or integrated circuits

Front 28

What is a semi conductor

Back 28

The pattern of transistors etched onto the surface of a piece of silicon which would conduct electricity on an integrated circuit

Front 29

What do pens on the integrated circuit or chip allow it to do

Back 29

Attached to a socket so that the electrical current could flow from one location in the computer through the circuit and out to another location

Front 30

What replaces transistors and magnetic core memories in 3rd generation computers

Back 30

Ic or integrated circuit

Front 31

What are 3rd generation families of computers

Back 31

Computers with similar hardware and instruction set programs can be written for one computer and easily used on all other computers in the same family

Front 32

Integrated circuit boards in third generation computers could be used for

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Computation and memory

Front 33

Why could smaller businesses afford a third generation computer

Back 33

The adoption of integrated circuits that we're both smaller and more cost-effective made it much more affordable than a second generation computer

Front 34

What are dumb terminals in a third generation computer

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An input and output device that had no memory or processor use by individuals to connect to a computer ed where computation and storage took place

Front 35

What fields emerged as a result of computer hardware innovation in the third generation

Back 35

Software development and computer networks

Front 36

Why were computer networks created in third generation computers

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Organizations have a need to connect multiple users to their main computer through dumb terminals

Front 37

When did IBM produce a single chip processor

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1974

Front 38

The single chip processor was also known as

Back 38

A microprocessor

Front 39

Computers equipped with a microprocessor were also called

Back 39

Microcomputers

Front 40

Microcomputers were considered what

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The first personal computer in the mid 1970s

Front 41

Besides the microprocessor what other innovation came with fourth generation computers

Back 41

Graphical user interfaces

Front 42

What was the most significant change that occurred since 1974 that can be summarized in one word

Back 42

Miniaturization

Front 43

What piece of hardware was key to the miniaturization of computers

Back 43

Integrated circuits replaced transistors and magnetic core memories because they took up less space and resulted in faster computers

Front 44

Which generation of computers required programming in machine language

Back 44

First generation

Front 45

In which generation of computers was the electronic numerical integrator and computer developed

Back 45

First generation

Front 46

What generation of computers introduced first mainframe computers

Back 46

Second generation

Front 47

What generation of computers were built with transistors

Back 47

Second generation

Front 48

What generation of computers were the first to use Boolean operators

Back 48

Second generation

Front 49

Which generation of computers first use magnetic core memory

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Second generation

Front 50

In which generation were computer networks introduced

Back 50

third generation

Front 51

In which generation were many computers available for as little as $16,000

Back 51

3rd generation

Front 52

Name one of the first personal computers in the fourth generation

Back 52

Mark 8

Front 53

What innovations increased computer usage in fourth generation computers

Back 53

Graphical interface in a variety of new software