Intro To Islam Final

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Abbasid

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3rd Islamic caliphate
capital- Baghdad
successors of Ummayad
750-1250
can be Muslim without being Arab
caliph-Munsur-built v powerful military, recruited Persians
Science and Literature, astronomy, geometry, algebra, trig, 1,001 Nights
fell because of excesses, too big and wieldly, rough riding horsemen, Mongols, destroy

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Abd

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one who is totally surendered, 'slave,' 'servant,' especially of God.

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Ablution

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wudu
removes hadath
wash faces, hands up to elbows, wipe heads, feet to ankles.
right and then left

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Adhan

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the call to salat, worship,
utteredy by the mu'adhdhin

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Ahl-al-bayt

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"People of the House", namely the family of the Prophet

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Ahl al-kitab

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"People of the Book," meaning especially the Jews and Christians, but also the Zoroastrains. tolerated as dhimmis by Muslim governments.

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Al-fatiha

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"The Opening," meaning the first sura of the Quran. It is a prayer frequently uttered in many contexts.

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Al-jazira

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island/peninsula of the arabs

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Al masih

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Messiah/christ

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Al Rasul

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"Messenger"
a type of prophet entrusted with a special divinic message for a specific people.
all rasuls are nabis, but the reverse is not the case

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Allah

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God

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Amin

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faithful, trustworthy
nickname of Prophet

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Asab/Al Asabiya

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strong group feeling, as of arab tribes

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Aya

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"Sign" of God in the created universe.
also means "verse" of Quran

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ayat

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plural of aya

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Ayat Allah

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Ayatollah
literally "sign of God" but in Iranian Shi'ism, the title of an especially revered member of the ulama

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Batin

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"interior," "esoteric," particularly with respect to saving knowledge/gnosis

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Daud

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David

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Dhimmi

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a member of the "people of the book" (ahl al-kitab), who is protected in his or her minority status when living under Muslim rule, in exchange for certain obligaions such as paying the "dead tax" (jizya). From dhimma, covenant of protection.

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dhikr

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"mentioning", "remembering" of God. the central sufi form of spritual discipline, with many specific types.

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fana

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passing away, extinction. the sufi technical term for the ceasing to be before attaining final union with God.

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fatwa

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a learned legal opinion produced by a mufti, jurisconsult.

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ghazwa

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raiding, as in pre-islamic arabia. the chief objects was camels

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hadith

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report, event, news. a literary form that communicates a sunna of the prophet.
____ qudsi- divine saying. god's thoughts expressing muhammad's words. occupies an exalted position between the quran and the prophetic ____

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hafiz

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guardian, keeper.
one who knows the quaran by heart

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hajj

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pilgrimage to mecca during pilgrimage month

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halal

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permissible, lawful, as regarding food and activities.
the opposite is haram, forbidden

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Haram

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in islamic law, means forbiden and punishable. can also mean sacred and therefore also forbidden in the sense of taboo. ambivalence of the sacred, its terrible as well as its sublime sides

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hanif

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pure and generic monotheist, such as abraham, who was not jew, christian, or quaranic muslim

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hijra

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emigration, especially of the prophet and his companions in 622 from mecca to medina

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hijab

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cover, curtain, veil
the muslim practice of veiling women, either by covering the hair, or the entire head and face. in south asia, called purdah, and may mean seclusion of females

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hilm

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forbearance, the mark of a superior man in pre-islamic arabia
possessed only by the person of great spiritual as well as physical strength and courage
one of the names of God- al-halim, the gently forbearing

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ibada

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"worship"especially the five pillars. literally "service"

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ihram

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state of ritual purity and sanctity, achieved by renouncing certain activities and donning a special garb, of the same name when commencing the hajj

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Ijaz al-Quran

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miraculous nature, esp of the quran

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Ijtihad

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independent legal reasoning, engaged in by the mujtahid

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imam

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leader, as in the daily salats. the shi'is hold an exalted view of their imams, who have been invested with infallible guidance by god. an imam may also be a religious teacher with no special sacrality

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itjihad/jihad

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striving, extortion, esp in the religious path or holy war

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janna

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the garden, a major quaranic concept of the hereafter of the blessed

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ka'ba

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literally cube
the main islamic sanctuary in mecca

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khalifa

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successor, deputy, esp ofthe prohet, caliph
the person

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khalafa

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the caliphate
the office

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khutba

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the sermon preached at the friday congregation salat, by the ___, preacher

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maryam

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mary, mother of jesus

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masjid

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place of prostration, mosque

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mihrab

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the niche in the wall of a mosque marking the qibla direction of Mecca

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Muslim

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one who has surrendered to God through the act of islam

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Nabi

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prophet

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qibla

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the direction of mecca, toward which muslims orient themselves in the salat. the qibla is marked by a niche, called a mihrab, in th wall of the mosque.

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masjid

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place of prostration, mosque

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mihrab

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the niche in the wall of a mosque marking the qibla direction of Mecca

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Muslim

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one who has surrendered to God through the act of islam

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Nabi

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prophet

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qibla

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the direction of mecca, toward which muslims orient themselves in the salat. the qibla is marked by a niche, called a mihrab, in th wall of the mosque.

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quran

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"Recitation" especially the islamic scripture

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Ramadan

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the holy month of fasting, when the quran was first revealed

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riba

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usury, any gain from the loan of goods, property, or cash

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ridda

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"aposrasy" esp from islam also called iritdad

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rasul

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"messenger". a type of prophet entrusted with a special divine message for a specific people. all rasuls are nabis, but reverse not the case.

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salat

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the formal prayer-worship service observed 5x a day

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saum

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"Fasting" from dawn until dark during the month of ramadan

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shahada

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the "bearing witness" to God's unity and Muhammad's messengerhood
la ilaha illa Allah

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sharia

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literally the "Way to the water hold." came to mean the islamic law based on the quaran and the sunna

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Shia

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"party," "faction," "sect." the adherents of ali, who believed that muhammad had chosen him and his descendants as rightful successors and rulers of the muslims. there are various sub branches

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shirk

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"association," especially of anything with God, idolaty. one who commits is a a mushrik. this is the one unforgivable sin, according to Quran

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Sufi

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wearer of course, woolen frock, adept of the islamic mystical path
from the word meaning "wool"

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sunna

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"cutom," "usual procedure," or "Way of acting." esp of Muhammad. the prophet's sunna is remembered and transmitted by means of the litterary form known as hadith. also a legal term that means "recommened."

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Sunni

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popular name for the Muslim majority, which is technically known as "the people of the established custom and the community" in the sense of a single, normative political entity.

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sura

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chapter of the quran

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tahara

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purification, including the various ritual means to that end. sometimes used as a synonym for circumcision

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tafsir

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explanation, commentary, esp of the quran

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tahir.zahir

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the external dimension of something, the plain and obvious meaning. opposite of batin, the interior or esoteric dimension of scripture or doctrine

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tawhid

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maintenance of God's unity
this is the central theological fundamental of the islamic religion

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tawaf

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the ritual circumambulating of the Kaba

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taziya

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consolation, more specifically the Shi passion drama that commemorates the martyrdom of imam husayn at karbala

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ulama

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the learned class of religious and legal scholars

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umma

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a community having a common religion. the muslim community

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wahy

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inspriation, the way in which the quran was revealed to muhammad, including both the ideas and the words

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wudu

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the lesser ablution before certain activities, such as quran recitation

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zakat

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legal almsgiving, calculated on the basis of one's wealth. one of the categories of islamic worship. not charity.

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Al- Jahiliya

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pre islamic arabian era of barbaric ignorance

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torat/torah

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divine instruction
includes ten commandments

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torat/torah

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divine instruction
includes ten commandments