Intro To Egypt

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King Khafra?

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King Khafra (son of Khufu) -pyramid of chephren -compared to Osiris (godlike)-Statue in Green Diorite -streaming water on the statue -veins in stone -vegetation on the throne

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Dynasty V happened in

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2300's

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who ruled during Dynasty V?

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-King Unas (Wenis) 2300’s -Said to be Sahu come to eat the entrails of the gods

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Hathor

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Goddess of women, love and pleasure, daughter of Ra, seen as a later depiction of Bat
over childbirth
Lady of the West
Lady of the (Sycamore) Tree

Front 5

Cave of the dead man. Explain

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Lascaux,France Megdenian period 17000

A male figure is laying down next to a bull goddess who is aroused.

The shaman is next to a broken spear which means intercourse, the bull represent sexual image

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Bat goddess is later called...

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Hathor

Front 7

Venus of Loussel.Explain(date too)

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28000

holding Bison horn with 13 notches

face of a puffin or artic clown

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Taweret

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goddess of pregnancy

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The sistrum

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the rattle matches the sound a party going off

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hemiunu

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cousin of khufu,designed his tomb

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Hapy

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The function of Hapi is described as being a Nile god associated with the fertilizing rich black mud called silt

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Why were there eyes on coffins?

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They were placed there to ward off evil with their magical spells.

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Anubis/anpu

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is on the the great gods,new kingdom

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what is the meaning of the color black

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black is the holiest of all colors, sacred color of anubis,also means fruitful

Ra*Mes*ss

the mes is black, and the rest of them are gold to mean sun

Front 15

arms cross mummies became popular in what dynasty

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the 11th dynasty and osiris as inspiration

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Hathor comes in what date

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November 15, she comes down as a lion to punish people

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scaff(spelling error) tomb

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Arabic for a row

Front 18

What solar temple in dynasty V?

What is written on the main alter

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2300-2400

King niusserre's temple,hotep ra

Personal obelisks buried within tombs meant personal sunshine

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Who was Niuserre?

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was the sixth king of the 5th Dynasty. His throne name was Izi (or Isi, Ini, Iny)had blood basins sacrifices
sed solar festival
Infront of the oblisik, there was an altar for blood sacrifices(lions) ALso, there was a line read "Hotep Ra", Ra is at peace

Front 20

Djedefra

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Older Brother of Khafra;
First of Solar Kings
•Built a pyramid for himself on ground higher than the Giza plateau (Abu Rowash)
•Was in charge of boat burials around Khufu
The Great Solar Barque of Khufu Constructed and Sealed by Djedefra

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Erosion on Sphinx

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• Water
• Sphinx originally may have had the face of a Lion
• Lower portion older, Upper portion refurbishe

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Who was Aker?

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This god was one of the most ancient deities of the Egyptians. He was depicted in lion form protecting the earth and also the East and West horizons of the Underworld.Fact 2 on Aker:Some believe that this ancient god symbolized the Great Sphinx, and that the "Highlands of Aker" refer to the raised Giza plateau upon which the Sphinx and the Pyramids were built. Fact 3on Aker:The images on this page depict the dual lion image of the god facing away from each other to represent his vigilance over the domains that he guarded.Fact 4 on Aker:The above picture of lions show them covered with leopard-like spots. The massive Barbary lion, which is now extinct, had a spotted coat.Fact 5 on Aker:The dual images facing away was symbolic of borders, in this instance the borders between darkness and light between each day.Fact 6 on Aker:The sun disk symbol is set beneath a line symbolizing the horizon and between two mountains representing the concept of enclosure and protection. Fact 7 on Aker:The Sun Disk was a powerful icon of ancient Egypt symbolizing creation and the source of light and an emblem of rebirth and resurrection.

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Who was Tefnut?

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was the Egyptian goddess of rain, water and moisture.
Head of a lioness, ankh and 'was scepter'

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Who was Shu?

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Shu was the Egyptian god of air. Shu: In ancient Egypt the word 'Shua' meant feather and the word 'Shu' meant light and space. The two words were easily connected to enable the ancient Egyptians to identify the god Shu just by the feather symbol.
Head of a lion, single ostrich feather, the ankh and 'was scepter'

Front 25

Edgar Cayce “Sleeping Prophet”

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American medium whose hypnotically induced teachings began the search for the hall of records.

Front 26

DYNASTY 7 – Manetho

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70rulers ruled for 70 days (no evidence)

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DYNASTY 8

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Ibi buried at Saqqara, so Memphis continues as royal capital [21502135BC]

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Dynasty 9

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DYNASTY 9 – Ankhtyfy of Mo’alla (south of Wast)

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DYNASTY 10

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“House of Kheti” rules at Herakleopolis, just south of the Fayum basinContemporary evidene shows that local rulers felt more obligated to their ownregion,tomb scriptures of this time period indicated an almost feudal system, held loosesovereignty over much of egypt

Front 30

Which Dynasty had 18 rulers ending in Kheti?
Give Date

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[2135-1986BC] 10th dynasty 18rulers with names ending in KhetiGeneral Tefibi commands northern forcesGovernor of Asyut Is there any more detail on this?

Front 31

Dynasty 11? Give date and founder

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Inyotef II rules 2064 BC startsthe elevation of women bydeclaring his grandma divine
Montjuhotep II rules 2007 BC, defeats Teribi at Asyut ca. 1996 (?); moves north toHerakleopolis, military unification. Wast is captial of the “new Egypt” These later yearsof Montjuhotep are included in

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Inytoef II defeated what two groups/give dates

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defeats Confederacy of Nekhen 2054 BC
defeats Confederacy of Thinis 2050 BC
Nubian archers as mercenaries

Front 33

Give rulers of the 12th dynasty and dates of when each started

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1937AMENEM HAT I
1800sSENURSRETI [SENUSRET]
1800S AMENEM HAT III
1762-1759 SOBEKNEFERU”THE BEAUTIFUL CROCODILE”

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Give facts of within amenemhat I ruling

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A. ITJ TA WY thenew administrative capital
B. PYRAMID (LIgHT)
C. ASSASSINATION
D. TWO WAYS OF HORUS a“super highway”

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Give facts of Senursret I [SEN_US_RET]

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Built forts in Nubia through Wawat(abu-buhen)

sinhue's story(he was the ruler of this story

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What was the Sinuhe's story

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The Story of Sinuhe was possibly the first historical novel. It tells of a servant in the palace who overhears a plot to kill the Pharaoh Amenemhet I. Fearing that he would be implicated, he ran from Egypt and settled in Syria where he raised a family. However, he missed Egypt terribly and did not wish to be buried abroad. Thankfully, Pharaoh Sesostris I pardoned him and allowed him to return home.

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Facts of Amenemhat III

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Nile Floods

Fayum-sobek

Hawara

Labyrinth

Black Pyramid at Dahshur

Joseph

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Atum

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A creator and solar god of who created humans, he made the world by starting off making shade with a sycamore tree.Sphinx represents him and father of shu plus Tefnut.

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Sphinx

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marks the agriculture point of certain solstice.

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what is the The pharaoh's claim

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claim they did what Atum did & didn’t abuse their power....along the lines of “I did not abuse/take advantage of those inferior to me”
This was act of individual self-justification

Front 41

Ipu wer means...

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The Good man who writes the "The Good Shepherd"

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PTAH HOTEP PROVERBS, WISDOM LITERATURE

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holding yourself at a very low status

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The Misanthrope

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"hatred of his fellow man",My name is Aborred" complained that because he had money he didn't receive any respect.

"to Whom am I talking"not being acknowledged by anyone

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The eloquent peasant

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peasant's was robbed of his herd, traveled to the king about it, but was "criticized" for his elegant speech. At every party, he would talk until the pharaoh was so impressed he gave the peasant justice.

Front 45

Name some Linguistic changes

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THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” it specifies
THE OBJECT PRONOUN AS SUBJECT”HIM AND ME WENT”
“ISCH”(SEE HIEROGLYPHIC) “LOOK!” AS A CONJUNCTION FOR“SINCE,” “WHEN” equivalent to “mira!” in Spanish; makes it energetic

Front 46

THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR?

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Sailor traveling to the horn of Africa, then storm shipwrecked his crew.He swam to an island that was govern by giant serpent who spoke Egyptian. This island was the place of Ka.

Front 47

What did Heka-N-Akht meant?

Back 47

“magis is on the horizon”

Front 48

what did merisu meant?

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“BELOVED IS HIM (NOT HE)”
*note-he was Hekanakt son who got stuck on correspondence duty for his father

Front 49

SNEFRU

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Smeans “man” and Nefru means“beautiful/handsome/perfect”; he was the favorite brother

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Start of second intermediate period began(within) what dynasty

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15th dynasty

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what dynastys occurred in second intermediate period?Give date 1600-1500

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15th-

Front 52

Rulers of the 13th dynasty,give date

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KING AY 1700’S BC Foreign& Palestinian Kings
a. PYRAMID CAPSTONE
b. AVARIS
AAMU SA HAR NEDJ HER Y OTEF “Aamu” means “people” or the “people”;Palestinian kinga. HIEROGLYPHIC OF THROW STICK

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Rulers of the 15th dynasty,give date

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1640-1540BC
b. YAAKOV AAM means“Jacob people” but translates to “the people of Jacob”;important because it shows the blending of cultures (using Hebrew name butwriting it the Egyptian way)c. YAKHUB HER means“Jacob in the presence of”d. SEE HIEROGLYPHICS thoughtto mean “the Shepherd Kings”
2. KING APOPHIS (dYNASTY 15 16401540B.C.)a. HYKSOSGROUPB (ARABIA) militaryinvaders who bring...i. HORSEii. WHEEL, CHARIOTiii. SMALL SHIELDiv. COMPOSITE BOW RANGE180 METERS as opposed to the EgyptiansLong Bow, which only had a range of 60 meters

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Rulers of the 17th dynasty,give date

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17TH DYNASTY AT WAST (THEBES)1600S1540B.C.
1. SEQENENRE TAO II
2. KAMOSEATTACKSAVARIS
3. AHMOSE + AHMOSE NEFERTIRI

Front 55

Who was Joseph?

Back 55

Little info found, may have served under Amnemhat I as a traded person,prisoner of war, or given as tribute.Many people traded in are given Egyptian names

Front 56

What meaning of King Niuserre's name

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Ni(belong to )-Userr(power) ra=ra

belonging to the power of Ra

Front 57

What is the cannibal text?

Back 57

Can be seen in Keng Unas tomb,

This text detailing the coming of Orion to eat the entrails of the gods.

Front 58

What rulers were there in the 6th dynasty?

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Pepy II 2300-2100bc

old kingdom

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Give info about Pepy II

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last ruler of the sixth dynasty and old kingdom

Ruled at a young age

His reign probably started the dark times in the First intermediate period

king’s position is now less importance; reigned from age 6 to 100

Front 60

Give dates of the first intermediate period

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2100-1900's 9th dynasty

(to be exact 2175-2045)

Front 61

What were some of the dark times in the first intermediate period

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Famine,crop failure, the falling of the Egyptian bearucary,poor ruling(kings who could help crops were maybe executed),climate proved difficult for crop, and the rise of the pessimistic text

Front 62

Why was the first intermediate period called the Dark AGE?

Back 62

There was an almost total absence of monumental architecture, especially royal tombs.Several texts, including the Admonitions of Ipuwer and the Prophecy of Neferti suggest that some great cataclysm turned the accepted social order on its head.

Front 63

What three factors (in the split up of the Nile valley kingdom) were introduced 2nd intermediate period?

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The loss of Nubia- the place where wawat and yam consolidated their power centers under the rule of king of kerma.

The rise of avar is in the delta as a rival for Thebes (wast)

The fragemenration of the delta

.Thebes (wast) was economic hub of egptt during the middle kingdom. Nubia was cutting down on ivory ebony and gold which caused an reduction in economic power

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The factors that splitted up the Nile valley kingdom gave rise...

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To the military conflict between avaris and the 15th,17th dynasty at Thebes.

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Inyotef II challenged the 10th dynasty

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by declaring he was descended from a god and grants divine honors to all his family.He pushed thebes up to Thinis which was ruled by thebes

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Names examples of the letters,correspondence trends in the middle kingdom

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c. LETTERS, CORRESPONDENCEi. HEKA-N-AKHT - “magis is on the horizon”ii. MERISU “BELOVED IS HIM (NOT HE)” - Heka-n-akht’s son who got stuck on correspondence duty for his fatheriii. SNEFRU (SEE HIEROGLYPHIC) - S means “man” and Nefru means “beautiful/handsome/perfect”; he was the favorite brother

Front 67

What were some of the linguistic changes

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i. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” - it specifies
ii. THE OBJECT PRONOUN AS SUBJECT-”HIM AND ME WENT”
iii. “IS-CH” (SEE HIEROGLYPHIC) - “LOOK!” AS A CONJUNCTION FOR “SINCE,” “WHEN” - equivalent to “mira!” in Spanish; makes it energetic

Front 68

The first intermediate period began and end what dates

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2175-2045 BCE

Front 69

Who was the last ruler of the Old kingdom?

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Pepy II and his ephemeral successors at the end of the 6th Dynasty.

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What were some of the reason for the end of old kingdom

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weather,politcal, and socio-econimoc

too many bureaucrats and tax breaks

however wealth was powerd through the locals rulers and their offical rather than for royal pyramids.

More opportunity for social and economic advancement as power and wealth were more evenly distributed through the country.Still uneven power. More devolution than revolution.

Front 71

In the __________, described a social disorder resulting from demographic pressure and famine

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In the Admonitions of Ipuwer

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In the Admonitions of Ipuwer survives from what kingdom and what dynasty's style

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New Kingdom although it is clearly 12th Dynasty in style. It belongs with other misanthropic and pessimistic texts of the Middle Kingdom, such as the Dialogue of a Man with his Ba and the Prophecy of Neferti.

Front 73

End of the 3rd millennum BC in Egypt is alled what?

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First Intermediate period of “the Era of the Regions”

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what happened in the first intermediate period?

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Individual towns and districts became more important and some even had armies.Almost a feudal system.The kings of Egypt based in Herakleopolis were known as the “House of the Khety” after the first of their line. Exercised only a loose sovereignty over much of Egypt.

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Climate changes in the first intermediate period

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Climate change and fluctuations in the height of the Nile flood.Increasing aridity linked to famine-tomb of Ankhtifi at Moalla has inscription about drought and famine.Introduction of basin-economy in this time- need to preserve and store food.

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Three main chronoligical phases of this period

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The end of the 6th to the 8th Dynasties-the end of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the Era of the Regions (or First Intermediate Period). Corresponds with the death of Pepy II, and the division of Egypt into smaller domains with a loose kingship based at Herakleopolis.the 9th to mid-11th Dynasties (c. 2125-2000 BC)-the high point of the Era of the Regions. the promotion of the rulers of Thebes to the kinship of their local territory, and the subsequent rivalry between the two power-blocks-Thebes vs. Herakleopolis.the 11th Dynasty from the reunification of the country to the early 12th Dynasty (from around 2000 BC onwards) which marks the beginning/the end? of the Era of the Regions and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. The victory of the Thebans and the reunification of Egypt under Montuhotep II btw c.2032 BC and 1994 BC

Front 77

Nomarchs became hereditary in what dynasty

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6th

Front 78

Pepy II

Back 78

reigned 96 years, last of the Old Kingdom, buried in his pyramid complex at Sakkara.

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Ibi

Back 79

was buried near Pepy II, indicating that the focus of court life remained at Memphis.

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Why were governors important during PepyII's reign

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The governors at Asyut implemented an elaborate irrigation scheme to increase the land available.
Tendency of local authorities asserting themselves in the face of central government more prominent in the south of the country.

Front 81

Sobekneferu

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first female pharaoh of Egypt’ last ruler of the 12th dynastyinherited the throne from her husband who had no male heir

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Senusret I & III campainged in lower Nubia in order to annex the region?

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build fortresses around the 2nd cataract(buhen)
well-protected points to monitor activity

Front 83

emergence of combined sun god Amun-ra

Back 83

Changed in the middle kingdom

new supreme deity; Thebes = city of the sun

Front 84

The 13th dynasty had about _____kings

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60-75 kings for a period of 153 yearskingship changed rapidly and without rules of successiongovernmental practices of 12th dynasty continuedkingship may have rotated between familiescompeting dynasties were set up in the Delta around 1700

Front 85

In 2007bc what happened

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Montjuhotep II becomes kinggot opportunity to attack and subdue Asyut, followed by quick capture of Hermopolis and herakleopolisbrought the end of the 10th dynastyking’s power base remained at Thebesvizir: responsibility of reuniting provincial adminstrations

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1937 BC

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beginning of 12th dynasty; Amenemhat I assumes the thronere-established building of royal pyramid complex; feature of the wealth of the nationmoved royal residence to Itjtawi

Front 87

Most significant miltary achievement was...in 1993bc

Back 87

annexation of northern Nubia
Montjuhotep invaded Wawat

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1913 BC

Back 88

territories of Wawat were under formal Egyptian control under the reign of Senusret I

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2100's - 1900's

Back 89

intermediate period was the rise indidivuals

Front 90

Gilgamesh epic

Back 90

rips off thigh and throws it into the sky

Front 91

When you saw Ursa Major (the thigh/big dipper) rise before the sun,

Back 91

this signaled the end of the flooding season

Front 92

KIng of Third Pyramid: Menakure

Back 92

His tomb had windows on the east side, became precursor for the “eyes” used on coffins as protection spells.

Front 93

9th dynasty

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Ankhtyfy means he will live for ever. - from small town, inspires army to fight for him, becomes king provided grain to needy people up N and down S mercenary leader; attacked and defeated intruders

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NOME

Back 94

greek works for administrative district in country’s govt

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ba

Back 95

Ba – soul- human face birds body

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Khaibit

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Shadow zone

Front 97

The Wars of Reunification

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The governors of Thebes emerged from civil war as the rulers of Upper Egypt, before challenging the 10th Dynasty for the kingship of all Egypt.

Front 98

Give info of the 13th dynasty in the second intermediate period

Back 98

13TH DYNASTY- 1700’S BC - Foreign & Palestinian Kings1. KING AY
Pyramid capston
avaris
aamu sa har nedj her y otef-"aamu" means people or the people of palestinian king
hieroglypihch of throw stick

Front 99

Give info of the 15th dynasty

Back 99

15TH DYNASTY- 1640-1540 BC 1. HYKSOS-GROUP A (RETJENU) 1600’s - culture blending; comes from Palestinea. AVARISb. YAAKOV AAM - means “Jacob people” but translates to “the people of Jacob”; important because it shows the blending of cultures (using Hebrew name but writing it the Egyptian way)c. YAKHUB HER - means “Jacob in the presence of”d. SEE HIEROGLYPHICS - thought to mean “the Shepherd Kings”
2. KING APOPHIS (dYNASTY 15 1640-1540 B.C.)a. HYKSOS-GROUP B (ARABIA) - military invaders who bring...i. HORSEii. WHEEL, CHARIOTiii. SMALL SHIELDiv. COMPOSITE BOW - RANGE 180 METERS as opposed to the Egyptians Long Bow, which only had a range of 60 meters

Front 100

Give info of the 17th dynasty

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AT WAST (THEBES)-1600S-1540 B.C.
1. SEQENENRE TAO II
2. KAMOSE-ATTACKS AVARIS
3. AHMOSE + AHMOSE NEFERTIRI

Front 101

Amenhemhat III left what at Dashur

Back 101

the black pyramid but there are two other pyramids in hawara