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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define models of ECE?
OR What does a model of ECE mean? |
Models of ECE Def: philosophies of education and styles on how children learn
How the philosophies effect how children learn. |
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What is meant by “Development Philosophy”?
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A developmental theory is the way a group, school or teacher chooses to create class outlines based on what they feel is the best theory and view to teach a child with the child’s and their families well-been in mind.
Detail: Early childhood class outlines and teaching methods all begin with a developmental views and theories based on educational or psychological theories (philosophy). There are different philosophies but they are all are based on what they think is best for both the child and their family. |
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List the different ECE models.
OR What are the different types of education/schools for children? |
Montessori*
High Scope* Reggio Emilia* Froebel Waldorf Bank Street *Pam’s favourites |
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Which of these models was created/started in Italy?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
The models and their countries are:
a. Montessori (Italy) b. High Scope (USA/Michigan) c. Reggio Emilia (Italy) d. Froebel (Germany) e. Waldorf (Germany) f. Bank Street (USA/NYC) |
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Which of these models requires that materials are “size appropriate” for the students?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
Model requiring “size appropriate” materials:
a. Montessori |
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Which model uses the phrase
PLAN-DO-REVIEW a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
PLAN-DO-REVIEW
b. High Scope |
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Which model requires the childcare provider to be an observer?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
The models that require the teacher to be an observer
It is listed in all of the models except Waldorf. a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel f. Bank Street |
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Which model requests the teacher be a role model for the students?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
Roles models in the following:
a. Montessori b. c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
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Which model(s) is quoted as saying “Teachers’ learn through their interaction with the children”?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
“Teachers learn through their interaction with children” is quoted from:
a. Montessori |
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Which model has tight teacher control on how space, time and materials are used?
a. Montessori b. High Scope c. Reggio Emilia d. Froebel e. Waldorf f. Bank Street |
Which model has tight teacher control on how space, time and materials are used?
a. Montessori |
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Who developed the Montessori curriculum?
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The Montessori curriculum was developed by Italian physician and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952)
---extra notes--- The Italian educator Maria Montessori introduced her method of teaching children in 1907. The Montessori method encourages a child's initiative and sense of self-reliance. |
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Who are the influential theorist for Montessori
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Montessori was influenced by the theory of Arnold Gesell.
---extra notes--- --Pam’s not big on the theorist— Arnold Gesell, a maturational theorist- describes children’s physical, social, and emotional achievements through a QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FROM BIRTH THROUGH ADOLESCENCE. |
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the Montessori model?
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The Montessori method encourages a child's initiative and sense of self-reliance. Teachers’ learn through their interaction with the children
Some points include: - Observer - Facilitator - a role model for the children - follows child’s needs ---Other notes--- Montessori teachers (directresses) have received specialized training which emphasizes observing children and presenting in SEQUENTIAL STEPS the directions for activities for which children are ready. - Teachers are trained in the Montessori method - The teacher learns about each individual child's learning style through careful observation. - The teacher introduces children to the specialized Montessori materials and facilitates appropriate usage of materials |
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What is the physical environment in the Montessori model?
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Teachers provide free activity within a “prepared environment” tailored to the specific characteristics of children at different ages.
This includes: * construction in proportion to the child and her needs * beauty and harmony, cleanliness of environment * order * an arrangement that facilitates movement and activity Materials are limited so that only material that supports the child's development is included |
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What are the play materials in the Montessori model?
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Tight teacher control on how space, time and materials are used.
Child sized - Sensory materials promote learning; learn through their senses (sand paper letters, colour numbers). - Materials encourage hands-on activity - The materials are designed so that they meet the developmental and intellectual needs of the child |
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How is the children’s time organized in the Montessori model?
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Tight teacher control on how space, time and materials are used.
Bells for transitions |
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Who developed the High Scope curriculum?
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Developed under the leadership of David Weikart, founder of the Perry Project. Originally designed in 1960 for low income in Michigan and based on development.
It is good for children with special needs that make it great for inclusion programs. They learn better with development with peers and helps children develop empathy (good life lessons). |
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Who are the influential theorist for High Scope
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Piaget
The curriculum rests on the fundamental premise that children are active learners, who learn best from activities they themselves plan, carry out and reflect on. |
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the High Scope model?
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Hands on - you find creative ways to guide the children to think for themselves, not as a class but as individuals.
PLAN-DO-REVIEW * introduce children to new materials, ideas, and activities * actively engage with the materials alongside children * observe children * scaffold children’s learning during small group time ---More notes--- Teachers job is to find creative way Do not plan for class but for the individual We have medium and long term goals |
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What is the physical environment in the High Scope model?
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Environment is arranged to appeal to children and promote the curriculum's content goals.
Space is divided into learning centres which reflect children’s interests and has the following characteristics: * welcoming to children * enough materials for all the children * Allows children to find, use, and return materials independently * Encourages different types of play * Allows the children to see and easily move through all the areas of the classroom or center * Is flexible so children can extend their play by bringing materials from one area to another * Provides materials that reflect the diversity of children’s family lives Learning centres typically seen in High Scope classrooms: - block area - house area - art area - toy area - reading and writing area - sand and water area woodworking area - movement & music area - math and science area - computer area - outdoor area |
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What are the play materials in the High Scope model?
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The materials in each learning centre are carefully selected to reflect children's interests and developmental levels. Teachers choose many open-ended materials — materials that can be used in a variety of ways, such as blocks in all sizes, art materials, and fabric pieces. Teachers seek out natural, found, and recycled materials, such as shells, twigs, rocks, carpet pieces, used containers, and old clothes.
Teachers consider it especially important to have plenty of real items that reflect children's lives, for example, cooking tools, small appliances that no longer work, dress-up clothes, and other objects and tools from children's houses and yards. These items reflect children's home cultures and allow children to imitate adults * Active learning; sensory & manipulative materials * Materials are ‘real world’ * Materials are ‘open-ended’ ‘Natural’ and recycled materials are evident |
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How is the children’s time organized in the High Scope model?
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Structured time tables
Daily three step learning PLAN-DO-REVIEW With the teacher they plan. Once they plan they do Explore things that are real in their every day world |
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Who developed the REGGIO EMILIA curriculum?
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It was started by Loris Malaguzzi and the parents of the villages around Reggio Emilia in Italy after World War II.
--Bonus info— The destruction from the war, parents believed, necessitated a new, quick approach to teaching their children. |
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Who are the influential theorists for REGGIO EMILIA?
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* Vygotsgy
* Piaget * Dewey * Gardner * Brefenbrenner (whew! That is a LOT of people. If you want to know specifically WHY look in ESSENTIALS p. 51) |
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What is the theory behind REGGIO EMILIA learning?
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They felt that it is in the early years of development that children form who they are as individuals. This led to creation of a program based on the principles of respect, responsibility, and community through exploration and discovery in a supportive and enriching environment based on the interests of the children through a self-guided curriculum.
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the REGGIO EMILIA model?
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Pedogista to work with teachers and children Parents are expected to actively take part with children
Groups of children will stay with one particular teacher for a three year period, creating consistency and an environment where there are no added pressures from having to form new relationships. * Researcher * Observer * Partner and guide * Co-learner and collaborator * Facilitates and scaffolds learning Teachers met in groups to discuss ideas for learning based on the children’s work. |
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What is the physical environment in the REGGIO EMILIA model?
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Environment is often referred to as the ‘third’ teacher. It is designed to foster encounters with many natural elements with studio spaces in the form of a large, centrally located atelier
The major aims in the planning of new spaces and the remodeling of old ones include the integration of each classroom with the rest of the school, and the school with the surrounding community. The importance of the environment lies in the belief that children can best create meaning and make sense of their world through environments which support "complex, varied, sustained, and changing relationships between people, the world of experience, ideas and the many ways of expressing ideas." |
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What are the play materials in the REGGIO EMILIA model?
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Materials include:
* Authentic art media (paints, clay, natural materials) * Open-ended materials * Recycled materials * Light tables, * mirrors |
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How is the children’s time organized in the REGGIO EMILIA model?
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It is not listed anywhere - does anyone know?
Let me know if you do. |
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Are there any other curriculum elements to the REGGIO EMILA model?
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* Curriculum based upon children’s interests and experiences
* Emergent curriculum-not established in advance * Project oriented curriculum-long term studies * Active learning and symbolic representation |
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Who developed the FROEBEL curriculum?
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Friedrich Froebel, known as the "father of kindergarten" developed the first kindergarten program in Germany in the1837 (Spodek, 1993).
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Who are the influential theorists for FROEBEL?
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Friedrich Froebel, known as the "father of kindergarten" developed the first kindergarten program in Germany in the1837 (Spodek, 1993).
* Influenced by the ideas of Pestalozzi * Kindergarten “children’s garden” * Believed children could grow & flourish like plants in the right environment. * Believed children learn best through play |
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the FROEBEL model?
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Role of the Teacher:
* Mediator * Facilitator * Scaffold through open ended questions * Observer |
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What is the physical environment in the FROEBEL model?
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Environment
* Developmentally appropriate * Organized * ‘Gifts’ and ‘Occupations’ are accessible |
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What are the play materials in the FROEBEL model?
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Materials are specially designed- referred to as ‘Gifts’ and ‘Occupations’.
(There’s two questions that cover this in detail – if you haven’t seen it yet WAIT and you will soon) |
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In regards to FROEBEL describe ‘GIFTS’
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‘Gifts’ consist of colourful wooden balls, rings, geometrical shapes, cubes, and tablets.
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In regards to FROEBEL describe ‘OCCUPATIONS’
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The ‘Occupations’ are the art activities. manipulation of clay, plasticine, playdough, woodcarving, woodwork, papier mache, sand, snow, or rocks.
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How is the children’s time organized in the FROEBEL model?
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A classroom structure but the program must "encompass the basic components of free self-activity, creativity, social participation and motor expression"
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According to the Association of Day Care Operators of Ontario (2002), the Froebel Kindergarten approach suggests what?
OR What do “They” define kindergarten as? Or Define Kindergarten according to the Ontario government. |
According to the Association of Day Care Operators of Ontario (2002), the Froebel Kindergarten approach suggests that the program must "encompass the basic components of free self-activity, creativity, social participation and motor expression" (p 43). Play is the venue in which children acquire the skills and abilities needed to explore these basic components. Play supports each child in engaging in concrete experiences, moving from the simple to more complex, and ones that encouraged touching, seeing, smelling, and listening. This is best achieved in play environments where guided play occurs (Corbett, 1979).
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Who developed the WALDORF curriculum?
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Established by Rudolf Steiner
Rudolf Steiner established the first Waldorf schools in Germany in the 1930’s. Today “Waldorf education is one of the fastest growing independent school movements in the world” (Upitis, 2005, p 6). There are now more than 800 Waldorf schools in over 40 countries (Edwards, 2002). In the United States and Canada, there are approximately 125 privately funded Waldorf schools, with an estimated 10 schools operating in Ontario (Association of Day Care Operators of Ontario, 2002). |
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Who are the influential theorists for WALDORF?
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Influenced by John Dewey
* Education must involve and nourish the whole child in body, mind and spirit. * Children learn by doing through creative play and healthy work activities. * Curriculum balances artistic and practical activities * In the early years, academics are de-emphasized |
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the WALDORF model?
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Teacher’s Role
* Guide * Nurturer * Active partner in play ---DETAILS--- Teachers play a distinctive role in Waldorf Education. Entrusted not to simply fill their students with information but to help them develop a genuine love of learning, and the capacity and the will to pursue their own directions in life, the function of a Waldorf teacher changes according to the grade level of the child. In Early Childhood classrooms, teachers provide a reassuring sense of comfort and security for four- to six-year-olds who are newly discovering their place in the world. Because children of this age learn naturally through imitation, the Waldorf Early Childhood teacher is a figure worthy of emulation. Patient, gentle and nurturing, she (or he) quietly engages in domestic tasks and artistic activities, knowing the students will naturally follow. The teacher inspires her young children to develop their imaginations and investigate their world by encouraging dramatic play and allowing ample time for them to explore nature. Whether standing alongside them chopping vegetables for a hearty soup or leading them on a walk to a nearby stream to sail handmade wooden boats, the Waldorf Early Childhood teacher's role is to gently guide her students in their important “work” of discovery and creative play. |
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What is the physical environment in the WALDORF model?
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The Waldorf environment is home-like with ‘real-world’ materials which encourages creative play
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What are the play materials in the WALDORF model?
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Materials include creative play-open-ended materials such as blocks, puppets, painting, drawing tools, clay and working with articles from nature
Healthy work activities involve helping the teachers with daily chores such as sweeping, wiping tables, and assisting in the upkeep of the environment |
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How is the children’s time organized in the WALDORF model?
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A large portion of the day is spent in uninterrupted creative play Academics during the early years are de-emphasized.
Academics during the early years are de-emphasized. “There is no academic content in the Waldorf kindergarten…reading is not taught until the second or third grade” (Association of Day Care Operators of Ontario, 2002, p 18). With an emphasis on creative play, Waldorf schools are often described as arts-based (Upitis, 2005). |
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The WALDORF philosophy views the image of the child as a “threefold human being.
What are the three folds? |
The Waldorf philosophy views the image of the child as a “threefold human being - body, soul, and spirit” (Easton, 1997, p. 2).
The aim of Waldorf education is to nurture the whole child in body, mind, and spirit. |
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Who developed the BANK STREET curriculum?
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Founded in 1916 by Lucy Sprague Mitchell
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Who are the influential theorists for BANK STREET?
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Influenced by Freud, Erikson and Dewey
Began as an experimental nursery school staffed by teachers, psychologists, and researchers Influenced the design and implementation of national educational programs such as Head Start and Follow Through. |
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What is the role of the early childhood educator in the BANK STREET model?
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Role of the Teacher
* set up the classroom with diverse learning styles and "multiple intelligences." in mind * observer * creates a sense of community * Fosters an integrated dynamic approach ---LOTS OF DETAILS MORE--- Early childhood teachers bring their own unique strengths and learning styles to their teaching. A caring responsive teacher does however have certain roles and responsibilities in a supportive, environment. Using his or her knowledge of child development, the teacher will set up the classroom, mindful that children come to pre-school with diverse learning styles and "multiple intelligences." The teacher will learn more about each child through a process of observing the children in various settings (arrival, open play, snack, rest time, group time and preparing to go home) playing alone and in small groups, in times of active engaged learning and in times of more open-ended play. By promoting a sense of fairness through open, supportive approaches to problem-solving, and by creating a sense of community, children will gain confidence and build a positive sense of self-esteem. By fostering an integrated dynamic approach to curriculum, respectful of children's diverse learning styles, the teacher will provide concrete opportunities for children to play, explore, experiment and recreate their experiences. Knowledge of each child, based on observation and responsive care and engagement, enables the teacher to build partnerships and to communicate effectively with each child's parent. |
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What is the physical environment in the BANK STREET model?
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---TO BE COMPLETED SOON---
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What are the play materials in the BANK STREET model?
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---TO BE COMPLETED SOON---
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How is the children’s time organized in the BANK STREET model?
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---TO BE COMPLETED SOON--
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