Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the dynasties that China went though up to 220 AD.
|
Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
|
|
Who was the man who recorded the history of China? What was his book called?
|
Sima Quian; The Records of the Historian
|
|
What was the impact of the Qin dynasty?
|
-Unification of China (221 BC)
-Standardize writing, measurements, axle length -Destruction of 100 schools -Set governmental precedence for China |
|
Who was the militaristic emperor who expanded much of China's territory into Central Asia & North Korea?
|
Emperor Wudi (6th emperor of the Han dynasty)
|
|
What was the official "religion" of the Qin dynasty?
|
Legalism
|
|
Name the main points of Legalism
|
-Military power
-reject the past -big government -absolute laws; no exceptions to the law; no mercy -mutual spying/generation punishment |
|
What was the official "religion" of the Han dynasty?
|
Originally nothing, then Confucianism.
|
|
Why were Confucian scholars more useful to the Han dynasty than other scholars?
|
1) They were already literate 2) Confucianism stressed loyalty to the ruler 3) They were from a variety of different classes
|
|
What was the name of the First Emperor?
|
Huang Di
|
|
What was the name of the founder of the Han dynasty?
|
Liu Bang
|
|
Who were the two "founders" of legalism?
|
Lord Shang; Han Feizi
|
|
Who believed that there can be no crime because laws are so absolute people follow them automatically?
|
Han Feizi
|
|
Who was Confucius's critic?
|
Mozi
|
|
Who believed in universal love?
|
Mozi
|
|
Who defended Confucius and fleshed out his ideas on government and the mandate of heaven?
|
Mencius
|
|
Who believed in the dynastic cycle? How often was it believed to change?
|
Mencius; 500 years
|
|
Name the top 3 schools of thought in China by the beginning of the Han dynasty.
|
Daoism, Legalism, & Confucianism
|
|
Who believed that reality was only was an illusion? What was his metaphor?
|
Zhuangzi; the butterfly dream
|
|
Define wu wei.
|
do nothing, don't go against nature, the government must be a "shadowy presence"
|
|
Who was a Daoist who advocated governmental reforms to make the government less involved in people's lives?
|
Laozi
|
|
What was a major contributor to Chinese medicine? What were the top to elements of it?
|
Daoism; Yin & Yang must be in balance
|
|
What was the life force called?
|
Qi
|
|
What ancient book documented the kingdom of Lu?
|
Spring and Autumn Annals
|
|
What ancient book was a book fortune telling?
|
Yi Jing/Book of Changes
|
|
What ancient book was the only book that contained mentions of everyday life?
|
Shi Jing/Book of Songs/Book of Poetry
|
|
What ancient book contained the rituals for the Zhou court?
|
Li Ji/Book of Rites
|
|
What book documented the history of China, beginning with the first dynasty?
|
Shu Jing/Book of Documents
|
|
What are the characteristics of Yin?
|
female, earthly, passive, dark, cold
|
|
What are the characteristics of Yang?
|
male, heavenly, active, bright, hot
|
|
What were used for fortune telling during the Shang dynasty?
|
oracle bones
|
|
To whom did oracle bones address their questions?
|
Heaven, or male ancestors of the king
|
|
Define ideogram.
|
a pictorial representation of an idea
|
|
Define logographic
|
combination of rhyming patterns w/ symbols
|
|
What kind of soil is in the Yellow River?
|
loess soil
|
|
Why is loess soil so important?
|
It was soft, therefore it was easy to till with stone tools. It led to the early development of agriculture in China.
|
|
What is the black pottery culture associated with?
|
Xia dynasty
|
|
What gives the ruler the right to rule?
|
The mandate of heaven
|
|
What was the system of government before the Qin dynasty?
|
feudal system
|
|
Who is thought to be the ancestor of modern Chinese?
|
Peking Man
|
|
During the Bronze age, what was bronze usually used for?
|
Ritual objects & money
|
|
Who overthrew the Xia Dynasty?
|
Shang
|
|
Who overthrew the Shang Dynasty?
|
Zhou
|
|
Which dynasty was divided into two periods? What were they?
|
Zhou, the Eastern Zhou, and the Western Zhou, also the Spring and Autumn period, Warring States period
|
|
Who overthrew the Zhou?
|
Qin
|
|
Who were the barbarians that the Qin and Han dynasties tried to keep out?
|
Xiongnu
|
|
What was the benefit of the Iron Age?
|
There is lots of iron ore in China, therefore it was easily accessable. Also, the iron tools kept soil fertile, and thus made a boom in agriculture and then a boom in population.
|
|
What bloomed in the Eastern Zhou period?
|
100 schools of thought
|
|
Name the main ideas of Confucianism.
|
-gvt is moral
-ruler unifies heaven, earth, and man -the golden age of the past was the early Zhou, we should follow their examples -Book of Rites -family heirarchy -study of the past |
|
What was the book of Confucius?
|
Annalex of Confucius
|
|
What were laws based on in Confucianism?
|
the family heirarchy; gvt rarely involved in family life; man respected if shield parents who have committed crimes
|
|
What was Laozi's book?
|
Dao de Jing
|
|
Name the key ideas of Daoism
|
-hermit tradition
-leave things as they are; natural states -mystical principle of dao -the sage king does nothing -natural, primitive government -words useless, use symbols instead |
|
What did Laozi think of Confucious?
|
he believed he over-comlicated society
|
|
How did the Wudi colonize outer regions of China?
|
He forced farmers to move there.
|
|
Who overthrew the Qin?
|
Han
|
|
What did the Qin dynasty do to assure power?
|
-Burned books & killed scholars to keep out different ideas
-Stripped power from all the nobles and kill them |
|
What is the law of avoidance?
|
no man can work as an official in his own provence, he must move around to different places
|
|
What was the great wall originally made out of?
|
pounded earth
|
|
Who opened the Silk Road?
|
Wudi
|
|
Where did Wudi expand China into?
|
Central Asia & North Korea
|
|
How did Wudi pay for his military conquests?
|
monopolies by government and taxes
|
|
Who brought China into contact with the Helenistic societies?
|
Wudi
|
|
What "religion" was the basis of governmental positions?
|
Confucianism
|
|
What was invented in the late Han?
|
paper
|
|
Who set the standard for writing dynastic histories?
|
Sima Qian
|
|
When was the first dictionary created?
|
Han dynasty
|