Intro To Counseling

Front 1

What do consultation and supervision have in common?

Back 1

Consultation: Experienced counselors often respond to requests from individuals, groups, and organizations to help solve problems when the resources or the knowledge at hand are inadequate.
Is a voluntary relationship between a professional helper and an individual group that needs help.
Supervision: Other accomplished counselors use their expertise and advanced skills to train new and emerging counselors, assuming responsibility for and clinical authority over their work with clients.
Is an intensive, interpersonally focused, individual or group relationship in which a more experienced helping professional is designated to facilitate the development of therapeutic competence in less experience professionals.

Front 2

How are consultation and supervision distinct from each other?

Back 2

Similarities: Both rely on the competence and expertise of an advanced professional, they both have ethical considerations in common, and they are both triadic in nature.
Differences: Consultation tends to be collaborative whereas supervision is authoritative. Consultation is working as equals while supervision carries a higher level of responsibility over the supervisee. Supervision is usually imposed by educational, organizational, or credentialing standards whereas a consultee usually seeks consultation. Consultation is usually temporary whereas supervision is more long term.

Front 3

Describe the four categories of consultation models provided by Gladding (2004).

Back 3

1). Expert/Provisional model: the consultant functions as one who has knowledge and skill to resolve problems that professionals either cannot do not have the time to deal with.
2). Doctor-patient/Prescription model: the consultant functions by diagnosing the problem and prescribing what the consultee should do about it.
3). Mediation model: calls for the consultant to unify the activities and processes of different people who are trying to provide services to the same population.
4). Process consultation/collaboration model: the consultant facilitates the problem-solving process rather than providing the actual solution.

Front 4

What are the three main purposes of supervision?

Back 4

A. Protecting the clients welfare
B. Teaching clinical conceptualization and counseling skills
C. Fostering supervisee self-awareness

Front 5

Define triadic supervision and why it is a useful method.

Back 5

Triadic supervision: One supervisor and two supervisees engage in a counseling session.

Advantages: This format allows for vicarious learning, exposure to a broader range of clients, and more diverse feedback, while limiting the size and distracting effects that can occur in large group supervision.

Front 6

Three types of medical models of supervision

Back 6

Theory based models
Developmental models
Integrative Models

Front 7

Theory-Based Models:

Back 7

The supervision is grounded in the supervisor’s counseling philosophy. The examples are as followings:
(a) Psychodynamic Supervision:
a. Patient-centered: began with Freud and focuses the supervision session on the patient’s presentation and behaviors.
b. Supervisee-centered: focus on the content and process of the supervisee’s experience as a counselor.
c. Supervisory-matrix-centered
(b) Person-Centered Supervision: assumes that the supervisee has the ability and motivation to effectively develop as a counselor. The goal is to help the supervisee grow in self-confidence, in self-understanding, and in understanding the therapeutic process.
(c) Cognitive-Behavioral Supervision: the purpose is to teach appropriate counselor behaviors and to extinguish inappropriate behavior. Also assisting the supervisee in developing specific skills, and in applying and refining them

Front 8

Developmental Models:

Back 8

focus on how supervisees change as they gain training and supervised experience. One of the well-known examples is the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM). According to this model, supervisees pass through three levels of development in three main areas during their training: awareness of self and others, motivation, and autonomy. The supervisor’s role is to assess each supervisee for each issue and to help the supervisee move to the next stage of development.

Front 9

Integrative Models:

Back 9

Rely on more than one theory and technique. One of the examples is discrimination model which is comprised of three separate areas of focus in supervision and three possible supervisor roles.

(a) Three focuses:
1. Intervention skills, or what the supervisee is doing in session that is observable by the supervisor.
2. Conceptualization skills, or how the supervisee understands what is occurring in the session, identifies, or chooses intervention.
3. Personalization skills, or the supervisee’s personal style

(b) Three supervisor roles:
1. Teacher: the supervisor teaches specific concepts and techniques and may assign reading to assist the supervisee.
2. Counselor: the supervisor may help the supervisee focus on personal issues and confront the personal issues that may affect the counseling sessions.
3. Consultant: the supervisor may work with the supervisee to identify different interventions, models, and issues related to specific client populations.