Intro To Computing

Front 1

What is an operating system used for?

Back 1

It manages resources (hardware)
It provides a user interface
It runs software

Front 2

What line starts a program?

Back 2

public class . . . followed by the class name, I.e. HelloWorld

Front 3

What is the second line of a program?

Back 3

Defines the program as public or private
Looks like
public static void main (Strings[] args) {

Front 4

What is the command to print editor defined text and then add a line after the text?

Back 4

System.out.println("");

Front 5

What is an inline comment?

Back 5

A comment that occupies no more than one line, started with two forward slashes //

Front 6

How do you create a multi line comment?

Back 6

Start with /* and end with */

Front 7

How does the computer know where the class/program starts?

Back 7

The program always starts with the class definition, which is followed by the squiggly brackets { and is ended by the opposite bracket }

Front 8

What does System tell the computer?

Back 8

This defines the library

Front 9

What does compiling do?

Back 9

This converts the written code into binary and checks for syntax errors

Front 10

What is the difference between println(), print(), and print(\n)?

Back 10

The first inserts a new line after the defined text
The second continues writing on the same line after the defined text
The third starts a new line and then writes the text

Front 11

What does \n do?

Back 11

Tells the computer to start a new line

Front 12

What does \t do?

Back 12

Outputs a tab

Front 13

What does \" do?

Back 13

Outputs a double quotation

Front 14

What does \' do?

Back 14

Outputs a single quotation

Front 15

What does \\ do?

Back 15

Outputs a backslash

Front 16

What does \r do?

Back 16

Advances the cursor to the beginning of the line

Front 17

What does \b do?

Back 17

Outputs a backspace

Front 18

What are the escape characters?

Back 18

\n
\t
\"
\'
\\
\r
\b

Front 19

What does { . . . } mean?

Back 19

Denotes a block of code

Front 20

What does [ . . . ] mean?

Back 20

This denotes an array

Front 21

What does a set of quotation marks signify?

Back 21

Anything within the quotation marks is called a string

Front 22

What does a semicolon mean?

Back 22

It marks the end of a statement

Front 23

What is a bit?

Back 23

A binary digit, either one or two

Front 24

What is a byte?

Back 24

This is a group of bits, typically eight bits

Front 25

How do you read decimal numbers in the base conversion system?

Back 25

Front 26

How do you convert from binary to decimal?

Back 26

Front 27

Here's another binary to decimal example

Back 27

Front 28

What is the hexadecimal system?

Back 28

This is another number/character system where the base is 16. The characters are as follows
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F

Front 29

How do you convert from hexadecimal to decimal?

Back 29

Front 30

What is the octal system?

Back 30

A number system with the base 8

Front 31

How do you convert from decimal to binary?

Back 31

First start with the decimal number, for example 26
Then you divide by 2
Take your answer, it will have a remainder of 1 or 0
The remainder become the RIGHT most digit
Rinse and repeat until your quotient/answer becomes either 1 or 0

Front 32

Here's an example of decimal to binary conversion

Back 32

Front 33

How many unique patterns are created from N bits?

Back 33

Whatever number N equals, take 2 to the power N

Front 34

What is the difference between a number and a character?

Back 34

A number has magnitude, a value that can be computed, whereas a character is just a symbol

Characters are written with single quotation marks in code, i.e. '6'

For example the number 6 in 7 bit binary is 000110
whereas the character 6 in 7 bit binary is 0110110

Front 35

How do you represent a string of characters in bits?

Back 35

Each character is converted into the system of your choosing (binary, octal, hex, etc.)

Front 36

What are identifiers?

Back 36

Identifiers are elements of a program that describe different elements. Identifiers are not strings that are converted, they are simply the names of different elements and variables used by the programmer and subsequently the program

Front 37

What are the rules of identifiers?

Back 37

1) Can be a combination of alphabets, digits, underscores, and dollar signs
2) Can be of any length
3) The first character may not be a digit
4) Spaces are not allowed
5) Identifiers cannot be keywords defined by the coding language, i.e. true, false, null
6) For professor Konagi, identifiers must start the second word with a capital letter i.e. averageAge

Front 38

What are some Java keywords?

Back 38

double
class
void
char
null
private
for
true
if
public
while
int

Front 39

What are variables?

Back 39

They are a place or places in the system memory. Variables can be pre defined or they can be computed during run time
A variable must be declared before use, which means that you need to tell the program what type of 'thing' the variable is, i.e. an int, double, String, etc.

Front 40

What is a byte variable?

Back 40

This is used to identify small integers, which can be negative

Front 41

What is an int variable?

Back 41

Regular integers, which can be negative

Front 42

What is a long variable?

Back 42

This is used when you have large integers, which can be signed

Front 43

What is a float variable?

Back 43

This is a large REAL number, which can be signed

Front 44

What is a short variable?

Back 44

This is a signed small integer, which is larger than a byte

Front 45

What is a double variable?

Back 45

This is a very large signed real number

Front 46

What is a predefined integer?

Back 46

This is a variable that is used by the program. it starts with a data type (float, double, int, etc.) and is followed by an identifier

Front 47

What is a string?

Back 47

A string is a series of text characters, i.e. "Programing 1"

A string starts with a declaration followed by a variable

String courseName = "Programming 1"

Double quotes are required, and String is always capitalized

Front 48

What is a boolean variable?

Back 48

This is a variable that is either true or false, it is not a value

Front 49

How would you make a variable constant for an entire program?

Back 49

Use the type final

i.e. final int SPEED = 70;

As you can see it is an "add on" type which goes before the variable type

Front 50

So after you've defined the variable with a type, how can you assigned another value to that variable?

Back 50

Use an assignment statement, which can be compiled, or imputed and computed during run time

Front 51

How can you get the program to perform basic arithmetic?

Back 51

* = multiplication
/ = division
% = remainder
+ = addition
- = subtraction