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58 Cards in this Set
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Head of Government |
the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony who often presides over a cabinet.
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Plurality Rule |
candidate who receives the largest share of the votes in the districts wins even if that share is less than the majority of 50% +1 of the votes
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Majority Rule |
candidates obtain the majority of 50% +1 of the votes in the district to win
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Proportional Representation |
electoral system that distributes seats proportionally to the vote each party receives
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Open-list proportional representation |
voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected.
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Mixed electoral system |
combined plurality or majority electoral rule to elect some members of the national legislature with a proportional representation electoral rule to elect the remainder of seats |
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Run-off elections |
The two-round system that elects a single winner where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate. |
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Bundestag |
lower house of German poarliament its members elect the chancellor
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Bundesrat |
upper house of German parliament, represent the interests of the 16 federal states
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Adolf Hitler |
German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. |
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Article 48 |
in the Weimar Constitution, allowed the president to bypass the Reichtag ans rule by decree during "emergency situations" the nature of which were never properly defined |
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Parliament |
highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. |
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Weimar Republic |
Germany's first experience with democracy, founded in 1919, ended by Nazis in 1933, lasted 15 years, filled with economic collapse, fear of communist revolution, ans political deadlock |
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Angela Merkel |
German politician who has been the Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and the Leader of the Christian Democratic Union since 2000. |
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CDU |
The Christian Democratic Union, German centre-right political party that supports a free-market economy and social welfare programs but is conservative on social issues. |
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SPD |
Social Democratic Party, German contemporary political party |
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Liberal Democratic Party |
political party in East Germany the merged with the Free Democratic Party |
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Basic Law |
West Germany's founding constitutional document as well as the constitutional document of contemporary Germany |
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Federalism |
A system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various regional governments. |
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Unitary State |
a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. |
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East Germany |
German Democratic Republic, a former country in central Europe: created in 1949 from the Soviet zone of occupied Germany established in 1945: reunited with West Germany in 1990. |
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Monarchy |
A system of government in which one person reigns, usually a king or queen. The authority, or crown, in a monarchy is generally inherited. |
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Slavery |
involuntary subjection to another or others |
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Military Regime |
system of government in which the military holds the power. |
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Second Republic of Brazil |
known as the second republic from 1946-1964 |
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Dilma Rousseff |
Brazilian politician currently serving as the 36th President of Brazil |
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PT (Worker's Party) |
center-left political party in Brazil. Launched in 1980 and one of the largest |
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Luis Inacio Lula da Silva |
Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 to 1 January 2011. |
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Bolsa Familia |
is a social welfare program of the Brazilian government |
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Estado Novo |
the corporatistauthoritarianregime installed in Portugal in 1933, often considered to be a fascist regime |
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Getulio Vargas |
served as President ofBrazil, first asdictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. |
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President |
an officer appointed or elected to preside over an organized body of persons. |
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Member of Parliament (MP) |
the representative of the voters to aparliament. |
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Prime Minister (PM) |
chief executive in a parliamentary system |
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No confidence vote |
parliamentary vote which if successful terminates the prime ministers appointment |
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Presidential system |
the executive and legislative branches enjoy both separation of origin and survival |
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Parliamentary system |
the executive and legislative branches enjoy neither separation of origin nor separation of survival |
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Coalition government |
a governing body formed by multiple parties who must compromise on principles. Occurs in places where no one party is in the majority. |
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Divided government |
in a presidential system when the president comes from one party but a different party controls the legislative branch |
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Semi-presidential system |
a popularly elected fixed term president exists alongside a prime minister and Cabinet who are responsible to the legislature of a state. |
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State |
political and legal unit with sovereignty over a particular territory and the population that resides within its boundaries |
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Regime |
form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society. |
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Government |
Concrete organization that has the authority to act on behalf of a state and have the right to make decision that effect everyone in a state |
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Military |
armed forces and soldiers |
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Nation |
cultural grouping of individuals who associate with each other based on collectively held political identity |
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Failed state |
When sovereignty over claimed territory has collapsed or is never effectively established at all |
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Sovereignty |
Ultimate responsibility for those within a state and a legal authority over the conduct of eternal affairs including a claim to a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within territory defined by geographic borders |
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Hypothesis |
an argument that links cause to effect they are casual and testable and must be falsifiable |
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Method of difference |
cases have same attributes but different outcomes |
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Method of agreement |
cases have different attributes but shared outcomes |
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Participation |
an act or instance of participating in voting |
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Contestation |
the action or process of disputing or arguing. usually against leaders |
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Accountability |
political mechanism that offers citizens regular and realistic opportunities to remove the rulers from office through peaceful legal means |
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Democracy |
accountability through institutionalized participation and contestantion |
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Universal suffrage |
everyone must have the right to participate in the process that selects and removes government leaders |
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Freedom of Organization |
ability to get together as a group to discuss and protest |
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Free and Fair Elections |
The act or process of electing someone to fill an office or position: Officers are chosen by election and not by appointment. |
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Civil Liberties |
the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech. |
