Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the Function of the CNS |
Controls and regulates most mental and physical function |
|
|
Parts of the CNS |
Brain and Spinal cord |
|
|
What is Neuronal cell death |
Cause of CNS dysfunciton Neoplasms, Degenerative, infections, trauma, genetics |
|
|
What does Dysfunction result in? |
Abnormal perception of the environment Uncoordinated movement Loss of force production Decreases in cognition |
|
|
CNS Cell types |
Neurons, Glial |
|
|
What are glial cells? |
Support Neurons: Macro/Micro glia |
|
|
What are Macroglia |
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, schwan cells |
|
|
What do Neurons do? |
Transmit info via electrical and chemical messengers |
|
|
Pathology of Neurons |
-Toxicity of drug abuse can affect the ability of the DNA to replicate in a normal manner -Axon serves as entry route of many pathogens and toxins -Trauma Stretching -Disturbances in chemical messengers -AA, Amines, Nueropeptides |
|
|
Describe Microglia cells |
-immune cells of CNS (10%) and are usually dormant -Activated - act like macrophages and signal inflam markers (cytotoxic, antigen presentation signal lymphocytes) |
|
|
What happens if Microglia's are activaed |
Fever, Increased Sleep, Reduced appetite, Lethargy |
|
|
What are astrocytes function? |
-Responsible for nerver growth factor for development -Regulate fluid -Monitor and remove extracellular neuronal debris after brain injury and can seal off damaged brain tissue -Clear Synapses |
|
|
Pathology of Astrocytes |
-Injury or degenerative process -swelling -can be site of neoplasm |
|
|
What are Oligodendrocyte |
Produce myelin sheath (Oligodendrocyte CNS // Schwann cell PNS) Target of Demyelinating CNS Disorderss |
|
|
Clinincal Manifestations |
-Sensory disturbances - visual blocks, hallucinations -Movement disorders - Hypotonicity, dysmetria, dysdiachokinesia (inability to preform rapidly alternating movements), gait. -Higher brain function -Altered States of Consciousness -Memory deficit -Autonomic nervous system dysfunction |
|
|
What happens if the Frontal Lobe is affected? |
Cognitive processing, control of emo, behavior |
|
|
What happens if the Right hemisphere is affected |
-Hemi Neglect (does not respond to environ on left side) -Emo Disturbances -Impulsive -Language deficit -Apraxia is acquired disorder of skilled purposeful movement |
|
|
What happens if the Frontal and prefrontal areas are affected |
Mental control, Concentration, Vigilance, Performance of meaningful activity |
|
|
How does Aging affect the CNS |
-Cells lost and shrinkage -Neural Plaques -More abnormal neural fibers -Blood supply to brain is 10-15% less -Decreased # of receptors -Dec # hair cells |
|
|
Diagnosing CNS dysfunction |
-Clinical manifestations -CT Scans -MRI -PET or FMRI monitor blood flow to brain -Electroencephalography |
|
|
Types of CNS Infections |
Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abcess |
|
|
Risk factors for CNS infections |
Insect bite, Contaminated food, contact with bodily fluid, penetrating trauma, weakened immune system. |
|
|
Diagnosis for CNS Infection |
Lumbar puncture Blood Test MRI/CT Neuro Exam |
|
|
Treatment of CNS infections |
Antibiotics (bacterial) Corticosteroids Crainotomy |
|
|
Describe Meningitis |
Inflammation of the meninges Caused by: Aseptic, bacterial, fungi, parasites |
|
|
Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis |
Headache>90% Fever> 90% Verystiff neck > 85% Vomiting35% Seizures30% Weakness15% |
|
|
Describe Encephalitis |
Acute inflammatory disease of the brain parenchyma from infection Leads to inflammatory response and apthologic changes in brain |
|
|
What can cause Encephalitis |
West Nile, Mumps, Rubella, Herpes |
|
|
Fatal Signs of West Nile |
–Abdominal pain –Chills –Confusion –Fever –Mental status changes –Muscle weakness –Vomiting |
|
|
Common signs of West Niles |
-Balance problems -Decreased appetite -Diarrhea -Dizziness -Neck stiffness -Shortness of breath -Skinmrash |
|
|
Describe a Brain abcess |
Cuased by infection where a collection of pus and dead tissue in in the parenchyma of the brain. Can spread from ear, teeth and sinuses |
|
|
PT for CNS infection |
Isolation precautions Good assessment (HR, Sensation, cognition) Support - positioning, skin care, prom, aarom |
|
|
What are the different classifications of Neoplasms |
Primary: Develop in the brain, spinal cord, or surrounding structures Secondary: May spread to CNS from another site such as a lung |
|
|
Signs and Symptoms of Brain tumors |
-Anosmia - odor perception -Aphasia - speech -Apraxia - purposeful actions -Ataxia - bodily movements -Cognitive changes — impairment of memory, judgment, personality -Cranial nerve palsies -Facial numbness • Hemiparesis,hemiplegia • Seizures • Sensory impairments (tingling, spatial orientation changes) • Swallowing difficulties • Syncope • Visualchanges (double vision, blurred vision) |
|
|
PT Implications for Brain tumors |
Thorough Eval - balance headache weakness Goal Setting Treatment side effect Be aware of intracranial pressure post surgery |
