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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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four stages of carcinogenesis
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initiation (irrev)- due to viral, bacterial, radiatin, chem
promotion(rev)- selective clonal growth and expansion depends on environment conversion/transformation- further genetic change progression- clinical CANCER |
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role of oncogenes
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regulate cellular function including signal for division and growth, oncogenes produce excessive amounts of normal gene product or abnormal gene product leading to dysregulation of normal cell growth
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roleof tumor supressor genes
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inhibit regulate inappropriate cell growth
gene/alteration/loss/mutation/inactivation results in loss of control of cell grwoth ex are p53, BrCA1-2 |
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What is benign
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non cancerous growths, often encapsulated localized, they resemble cells they originate from - oma
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what is malignant
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genetically unstable, cancerous growth, invade and destroy local tissye, unencapsulated, often metastasize
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how does metastic dz develop
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tumor cells are shedding neoplastic cells, angiogenesis occurs that is development of new blood vessels and then the cells survive in circulation and attach to endothelium
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describe the cell kill hypothesis
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only a certain % of cells are killed there is never 0 cells shrink tumor to 10^4 cells and host factors can possibly eliminate
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Describe the cell cycle
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G0- resting phase, variable time
G1- first gap phase, enzyme manufactuing, prep for DNA syn S- Synthesis of DNA, tumors that are growing quickly have a large % of cells in this phase G2- second gap phase, prep for mitosis, movement of cellular components M- mitosis, cell division occurs, breakdown of tubulin, mitotic spindle |
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what is the type of chemo. induction
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used in advanced diseases, usually when radiation or surgery would have been ineffective
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what is the type of chemo consolidation
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aggressive chemo given after initial induction regimen, goal for eradicating resistant disease,
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what is the type of chemo adjuvant
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systematic chemo given or along with surgery or radiation ther. goal is to destroy micromestatic disease
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what is the type of chemo neoadjuvant
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systemic therapy given before localized ther. goal is to destroy micromestatic disease and to make the localized disease easier to manage
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what is salvage type of chemo
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given after initial fails,
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what is complete response
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complete disappearnace of all cancer witn no evidense of disease for one month
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what is partial response
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50% or greather decrease in tumor size; no evidence on new disease for at least one month
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what is overall response
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complete response plus partial response
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what is stable disease
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tumor does not grow by 25% or more, or shrinks by less than 50%
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what is progressive disease
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tumor growth of 25% or new disease detected
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disease free survival means
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time from complete response to relapse/death
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overall survival means
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the time from treatment to death
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