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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Mechanics?
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Motion and deformation of bodies acted on by forces
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What is the oldest of all physical sciences?
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Mechanics!
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What is Biomechanics?
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The study of biological systems from a mechanical perspective
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What are the three types of Mechanics?
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1. Rigid Bodies
2. Deformable Bodies 3. Fluids and gases |
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What are Rigid Bodies?
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Bodies where deformation is so small it's not relevant to a lot of calculations
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What are Deformable Bodies?
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Bodies that deform internally and externally
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What are the two types of Rigid Body Mechanics?
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1. Statics
2. Dynamics |
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With regards to Rigid Body Mechanics, what is Statics?
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Bodies with constant velocity
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With regards to Rigid Body Mechanics, what is Dynamics?
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Bodies in motion
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What are the two subcategories in Dynamics?
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Kinematics and Kinetics
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What is Kinematics?
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Geometry and time dependent aspects of rigid body mechanics but does not include forces CAUSING the motion
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What is Kinetics?
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Forces and Mass
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What are the three types of Deformable Bodies?
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1. Elasticity
2. Plasticity 3. Viscoelasticity |
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What is Elasticity? Example?
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All deformations are recoverable after load is removed. Example: rubberband
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What is Plasticity? Example?
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Permanent deformation. Example: paperclip
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What is Viscoelasticity? Example?
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Deformations as a function of time. Example: Stretching of a fishing line over time
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In order to calculate a vector, what 2 things must you know?
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Magnitude and direction!
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What happens to the flow of a fluid in a pipe if the Reynolds Number exceeds 2000?
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The flow becomes turbulent!
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What are external forces?
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Pushing!
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What are Normal Forces?
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Perpendicular forces
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What are Tangential Forces?
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Parallel forces
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What are Tensile Forces?
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Forces that stretch or elongate the body
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What are Compressive Forces?
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Forces that shrink or shorten the body
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What are Coplanar Forces?
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Forces working on the same plane
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What are Co-Linear Forces?
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Forces working on the same line of action
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What are Concurrent Forces?
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Forces that all intersect at a common point
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What three things can forces cause?
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Transverse - movement, rotation, and deformation
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What is Torque?
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Twisting
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What is the Moment?
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Bending!
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What is the formula for the Moment?
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M = Force (W) times Distance (d)
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What is Newton's First Law?
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An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by another force.
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What is Newton's Second Law?
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Force equals mass times acceleration
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What is Newton's Third Law?
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For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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What is Yield Stress?
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Point where material begins to deform
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What is Ultimate Stress?
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Highest point of stress a material can take before breaking
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What is Toughness?
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Energy required to break a material
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What is Ductility?
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How much a material will deform
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What is the Mass conservation equation?
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Volume 1 times Area 1 equals Volume 2 times Area 2
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What is the Elastic Modulus?
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The Elastic Modulus is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic material
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On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest elastic modulus or stiffness looks like what?
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Steeply sloped linear line with sudden curve indicating failure
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On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest toughness or energy failure looks like what?
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Long curve with the largest area under the curve over the strain axis before failure
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On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest ultimate tensile strength looks like what?
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Positively sloped curve reaches the highest point of the three types of materials before failure
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The formula for stress is what over what?
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Force over Area! (F/A)
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The formula for strain is what over what?
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Change in length over length (delta L/L)
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The formula for the Elastic Modulus, E, is what over what?
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Stress over Strain!
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