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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Mechanics?
Motion and deformation of bodies acted on by forces
What is the oldest of all physical sciences?
Mechanics!
What is Biomechanics?
The study of biological systems from a mechanical perspective
What are the three types of Mechanics?
1. Rigid Bodies
2. Deformable Bodies
3. Fluids and gases
What are Rigid Bodies?
Bodies where deformation is so small it's not relevant to a lot of calculations
What are Deformable Bodies?
Bodies that deform internally and externally
What are the two types of Rigid Body Mechanics?
1. Statics
2. Dynamics
With regards to Rigid Body Mechanics, what is Statics?
Bodies with constant velocity
With regards to Rigid Body Mechanics, what is Dynamics?
Bodies in motion
What are the two subcategories in Dynamics?
Kinematics and Kinetics
What is Kinematics?
Geometry and time dependent aspects of rigid body mechanics but does not include forces CAUSING the motion
What is Kinetics?
Forces and Mass
What are the three types of Deformable Bodies?
1. Elasticity
2. Plasticity
3. Viscoelasticity
What is Elasticity? Example?
All deformations are recoverable after load is removed. Example: rubberband
What is Plasticity? Example?
Permanent deformation. Example: paperclip
What is Viscoelasticity? Example?
Deformations as a function of time. Example: Stretching of a fishing line over time
In order to calculate a vector, what 2 things must you know?
Magnitude and direction!
What happens to the flow of a fluid in a pipe if the Reynolds Number exceeds 2000?
The flow becomes turbulent!
What are external forces?
Pushing!
What are Normal Forces?
Perpendicular forces
What are Tangential Forces?
Parallel forces
What are Tensile Forces?
Forces that stretch or elongate the body
What are Compressive Forces?
Forces that shrink or shorten the body
What are Coplanar Forces?
Forces working on the same plane
What are Co-Linear Forces?
Forces working on the same line of action
What are Concurrent Forces?
Forces that all intersect at a common point
What three things can forces cause?
Transverse - movement, rotation, and deformation
What is Torque?
Twisting
What is the Moment?
Bending!
What is the formula for the Moment?
M = Force (W) times Distance (d)
What is Newton's First Law?
An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by another force.
What is Newton's Second Law?
Force equals mass times acceleration
What is Newton's Third Law?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is Yield Stress?
Point where material begins to deform
What is Ultimate Stress?
Highest point of stress a material can take before breaking
What is Toughness?
Energy required to break a material
What is Ductility?
How much a material will deform
What is the Mass conservation equation?
Volume 1 times Area 1 equals Volume 2 times Area 2
What is the Elastic Modulus?
The Elastic Modulus is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic material
On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest elastic modulus or stiffness looks like what?
Steeply sloped linear line with sudden curve indicating failure
On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest toughness or energy failure looks like what?
Long curve with the largest area under the curve over the strain axis before failure
On a stress strain chart, the graph with the highest ultimate tensile strength looks like what?
Positively sloped curve reaches the highest point of the three types of materials before failure
The formula for stress is what over what?
Force over Area! (F/A)
The formula for strain is what over what?
Change in length over length (delta L/L)
The formula for the Elastic Modulus, E, is what over what?
Stress over Strain!