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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Mohenjo-daro |
City site of Indus Valley civilization, 2500-1900BC (today's Pakistan). Upper city with public buildings (Great Bath, granary, assemply halls) and lower city with integrally planned grid system patter and elaborate drainage system. All houses made of baked brick (no palaces, nothing indicating imbalance of socioeconomic status). Public health was of great concern. Welfare of entire community considered. Streets orientated north-south and east-west. Highly specialized craft. |
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The upper city |
Western part of Mohenjo-daro (2500-1900 BCE). Raised platform with public buildings such as Great Bath and granary. |
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The Great Bath |
Large tank or bath found in the Upper City. Made of baked brick and had elaborate drainage system. Likely used for ritual ceremonies, showing concern for public health and significance of ritual purification. 40x30 feet and sunk about 8 feet below surface. |
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Shiva Seal |
Small seal made of soapstone. Three-faced male figure wearing a mask and an animal skin, seated in yogic (meditation) position, surrounded by four wild animals. Probably prototype of Hindu god Shiva ("Lord of the Animals"). Script suggests written language existed (disputed). Seal was likely used for commercial purposes. |
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High Priest |
Small statue made of limestone. Wears headband, suggesting high rank. Eyes looking down as if in deep meditation. Bust is formal in style (makes figure remote). Likely a priest or a leader (king-figure), but not an ordinary person. Facial features, the way his garment is worn, and trefoil designs on garment resemble those from Mesopotamia. |
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Terra cotta female figurine |
Small and elaborately dressed terra cotta female figurine found in almost every household in Mohenjo-daro. Found in great numbers, thought to be part of private devotion to powers of fertility of women. |
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Shang |
Dynasty in China 1600-1050 BC. |
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Anyang |
Capital of late Shang dynasty, 1300-1050 BC. Location of the Tomb of Lady Fu Hao. |
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Shamanism |
Religion based on belif that spirits can be influenced or controlled by specially endowed, trained practitioners (shamans). Shaman means "he who knows" A person who can communicate between human beings and supernatural world with the help of animals. Usually wore masks and dressed in ritual garments (animal skins, etc.) Practiced during Shang at Anyang and at Mohenjo-daro. |
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Oracle Bones |
Prepared with turtle shells and/or cattle scapulae inscribed with divination questions found at Anyang. Fully developed written language was used on bones. Divination was carried out by applying heat to bones and answer questions according to cracks that appeared. |
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Fang ding |
Square bronze vessel used as food offering container in ceremonies that paid homage to ancestors. These vessels were baried in the tomb of Lady Fu Hao at Anynag, dated about 1200 BC. Taotie designs cast into body. |
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Taotie |
Two-eyed motif cast into fang ding and other bronze vessels of Shang dynasty. Composed of different parts of wild animals and was likely emblem of Shang ruling clan. Also was regarded as image of the animal used by shaman in ritual practice. |
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Western Zhou |
Dynasty of ancient China 1050-771 BC. Rulers of Western Zhao overturned the Shang dynasty. Capital was in today's Xi'an. |
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Eastern Zhou |
Dynasty of ancient China 770-221 BC. Divided into Spring and Autumn Period (770-481 BC) and Warring States Period (481-221 BC). Capital was in today's Luoyang. |
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Confucius |
Born in 550 BC. Teacher and political thinker of Eastern Zhou China. Founder of Confucianism. Teachings were collected and later called Lun yu. |
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Lao zi |
Born in 6th century BC, Philosophical thinger of Eastern Zhou China. Founder of Daoism. Work called Dao de jing. |
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Daoist thought |
Chinese belief system, founded by Lao zi in Eastern Zhou period. Two man concepts are yin and yang, and harmony with nature is the purpose. Strong influence on Chinese art. |
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Hunting hu |
5th-4th century BC, Eastern Zhou period. Ritual wine vessel made of bronze. Depicts people hunting wild animals, shooting wild birds with birds and arrows, and chasing bulls. First depiction of temporal life (life not being about the mysterious supernatural world anymore). Earliest known pictorial art in China. Reflected Confucian ideas of domination of animal world by human beings. Hunting and archery were considered basic skills of true gentlemen. |
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Fang hu |
7th-6th century BC, Eastern Zhou period. Ritual wine vessel made of bronze. An official art of Eastern Zhou states, which showed affiliation of vassal lords to Zhou court. This type of hu was found in many vassal states. Two-eyed motif (tao tie) of Shang dissolved into intertwined serpents or dragons. Decorated with high relief of crane on top and feline creatures to the bottom and on shoulders. Highly ornate object to dazzle eyes of viewer instead of horrifying them when displayed. Represents status, power, and wealth of owner. |
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Qin |
Dynasty in China 221-206 BC. First united empire in Chinese history. Founded by Xin Shi Huang Di (first emperor of Qin). |
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Han |
Dynasty in China, 206 BC-220 AD. Dynasty following Qin. Period of high achievement in all aspects of Chinese culture. |
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Tomb #1 at Mawangdui |
Tomb of the wife of a local govenor of Western Han (mid 2nd century BC), discovered at Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan, China. Flying Banner was found at this tomb. |
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Terracotta army |
Clay statues of imperial guards of First Emperor of Qin, discovered at the tomb of the First Emperor at Lintong, Xi'an, Shenxi, China. |
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Lady Dai |
The deceased in Tomb #1 at Mawangdui, Changsha, China. Wife of local governed of Western Han Dynasty. Body was well preserved and Flying Banner is found at her tomb. |
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Flying Banner |
Feiyi, or flying garment, discovered in Tomb #1 of Lady Dai at Mawangdui. It was displayed during funeral ceremonies and carried in the funeral procession to conduct souls of the dead to immortal land. It was polychrome painting on silk with three realms depicted. A portrait of Lady Dai was depicted in central part of the banner. Strongly reflected Daoist thinking about immortality and afterlife. |
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Yin and yang |
Two basic concepts of Daoism. Two things that are opposite of each other. The aim of Daoist practice is to achieve harmony between yin (negative, wet, shady, female) and yang (positive, dry, sunny, male). |
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Kofun |
Old burial mounds for emperors and clan leaders in ancient Japan around 5th-6th centuries BC. |
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Haniwa |
"Circle of clay." Clay hollow cylinders, figurines, animals, birds, or houses placed tightly side by side around burial mounds or tumulus to strengthen the sides of the mound in Japan during Kofun period. |
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Ise Shrine |
Imperial Shrine of Japan. Residence of Sun Goddess and most important Shinto shrine of Japan. First built in the late Kofun period. |
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Shinto |
"Ways of the Gods." Indigenous religion of Japan. Religion of nature. Kami (spirit) were believed to dwell in every natural phenomenon. People should show reverence to kami and achieve harmony with kami. |
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The Sun Goddess |
Amaterasu-no Omikami, greatest kami of Shinto religion. Regarded as the ancestress of royal family of Japan. Residences is the Ise Shrine. |
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Kami |
"Spirits" or "deities." Spirits were believed to dwell in every natural phenomenon and were to be worshiped with reverence. |
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Terra Cotta Female Figurine (ID) |
Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilization 2500-1900 BC Modern day Pakistan Clay Indus citizens (patron) (Represented worship of female fertility cult) |
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City of Mohenjo-daro (ID) |
Ground plan of "citadel," (upper city) aerial view of residential section Indus River Valley Civilization 2500-1900BC (excavation in 20th century) Modern day Pakistan Buildings made of fire baked brick North-west side of public buildings (Great Bath, granary, etc.), south-east side of residential grid system |
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Shiva Seal (ID) |
Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley civilization 2500-1900 BC Modern day Pakistan Soapstone (Probably prototype for Hindu god Shiva, used for commercial purposes) |
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Male bust (Priest-King) (ID) |
Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilization 2500-1900 BC Modern day Pakistan Limestone (cast) (Dress and demeanor indicate priest/leader/not-a-layperson) |
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The Great Bath (ID) |
Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilization 2500-1900 BC Modern day Pakistan Fired bricks/bitumen Ruling body of Mohenjo-daro (patron) (represented complex water and draining system, and importance placed on public health) |
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Map of China with the City of Anyang (ID) |
Central Plains, North China 1300-1050 BC Late Shang Dynasty Modern day Henan Province |
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Fang ding in Fu Hao's tomb (Tomb #5) (ID) |
Anyang, Shang Dynasty 1200 BC Modern day Henan Province Bronze cast Lady Fu Hao (general, patron) (square food vessel with taotie motifs) (tomb had like 1600-1900 offerings, including human sacrifices) |
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Taotie (zoomorphic mask) (ID) |
Detail from bronze vessel and rubbing Shang Dynasty, China 1300-1050 BC Modern day Henan Province Bronze cast Shang royal court (patron) (two-eyes mask motif) |
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Map of city of Anyang with sites along Huan River (ID) |
Anyang, late Shang Dynasty, China 1300-1050 BC Modern day Henan Province |
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Xibeigang, royal cemetery of the Shang (ID) |
Anyang, late Shang Dynasty 1300-1050 BC Modern day Henan Province |
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Royal Tomb (excavated) (ID) |
Xibeigang, Anyang, late Shang Dynasty 1300-1050 BC Modern day Henan Province (only remains are of human and animal sacrifices) |
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Fang hu (ID) |
Excavated Xinzheng, China, Western Zhou Dynasty 7th-6th Century BC Modern day Xinzheng, China Bronze cast Western Zhou feudal lord (patron) (feline motif and crane details (replaced taotie animal motif), more to show power and status, wine container, found in many states, suggesting the official art of Eastern Zhou)q |
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Hunting hu (ID) |
Eastern Zhou Dynasty 5th-4th Century Modern day Luoyang, China Bronze cast Zhou court (patron) (Warring States period, wine container, combat between humans and wild animals aka Confucian) |
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Terra cotta warrior from Qin Shi Huang Di's Tomb (ID) |
Northwest China, Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC Modern day Xi'an China Clay Shi Huang Di (patron) (mass assembled, in place of human sacrifices, like 6000 figures) |
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Feiyi (flying garment)/Flying Banner/Painted Banner from Tomb of Lady Dai (Tomb #1) (ID) |
Mawangdui, Western Han Dynasty, China Mid 2nd century BC Modern day Mawangdui, China Silk and polychrome paint Lady Dai (patron) (lots of red paint, representations of yin and yang, bottom is underworld, middle is her and earth, top is afterlife, moon and sun yin and yang symbol of Daoism) |
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Naiku (inner) Shrine Complex, Ise Shrine (ID) |
Ise Shrine, Ise, Japan late 5th-early 6th century AD Modern day Ise, Japan untreated wood, thatch Japanese royal family (patron) (rebuilt about every 20 years, with the cycle of nature, symbol of Yamato Clan, houses Amaterasu, Sun Goddess, statement of political power) |
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Plan of Naiku Shrine buildings and old Shrine compound (ID) |
Ise Shrine, Ise, Japan 5th-6th century AD Modern day Ise, Japan Japanese royal family (patron) |
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West end of East Treasure House, Inner Shrine compound (ID) |
Ise Shrine, Ise, Japan 5th-6th century AD Modern day Ise, Japan Japanese royal family (patron) |
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Front Elevation of Shoden (main sanctuary) (ID) |
Ise Shrine, Ise, Japan Earliest documented structure 690-697 AD, rebuilt 1993 Modern day Ise, Japan untreated wood, thatch Japanese royal family (patron) |
