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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Study of structures or study of shapes of structures |
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Physiology |
Study of functions of body parts |
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Subatomic particles |
Electrons, protons and neutrons |
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Atoms |
Smallest unit of an element |
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Molecules |
Atoms of an element/elements bonded together |
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Macromolecules |
Large molecules ex: proteins or DNA |
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Organelles |
Little organs, carry out specific functions within the cell |
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Cells |
Basic unit of structure and function |
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Tissues |
Specialized cells grouped into layers or masses that have specific functions |
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Organs |
Groups of different tissues, which are complex and have special functions |
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Organ systems |
Group of organs that function closely together |
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Organism |
Interacting organ systems ex:humans or any living thing |
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Homeostasis |
Keeping a stable internal environment ex: hormones, temperature |
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Receptors |
Provide info (stimuli) in internal environment, they send signal to control center |
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Control centers |
Compare stimulus to a set point, send message to effectors |
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Effectors |
Muscles or glands, they receive the message from control center |
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Negative feedback |
Most common mechanism to maintain homeostasis. Moves value to the opposite direction.ex: If it's too low, it goes high. Control center activate effectors to move it back toward set point, once set back control center shuts effectors off. |
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Positive feedback |
When a change is not reversed but intensifies, effector activity is initially increased rather than turned off. Ex: childbirth/labor |
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Axial portion |
Head, neck and trunk |
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Appendicular portion |
Arms and legs or upper and lower limbs |
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Dorsal cavity |
Includes cranial and vertebral cavity |
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Cranial cavity |
Houses the brain |
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Vertebral cavity |
Houses spinal cord |
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Ventral cavity |
Includes thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic cavity |
Includes mediastinum, pleural cavities, pericardial cavity |
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Mediastinum |
Between the 2 lungs, houses the heart, section of trachea, esophagus and thymus |
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Pleural cavities |
Houses the lungs |
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Pericardial cavity |
Houses the heart |
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Abdominopelvic cavity |
Includes abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal cavity |
Houses the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder and most of small and large intestines |
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Pelvic cavity |
Houses urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs |
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Serous membranes |
Lines the walls of thoracic and abdominal cavities. 2 layered, uses serous fluid as lubricant |
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Pleural membranes |
Lines the lungs |
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Pericardial membranes |
Lines the heart and mediastinum |
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Peritoneal membranes |
Line the abdominal pelvic cavity and most of the organs within |
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Anterior |
Ventral, towards front |
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Posterior |
Dorsal, towards back |
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Medial |
Towards the midline |
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Lateral |
Towards the side |
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Bilateral |
Paired structures, one on each side |
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Ipsilateral |
Structures on the same side |
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Contralateral |
Opposite side |
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Proximal |
Closers to the point of attachment |
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Distal |
Further away from the point of attachment |
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Superficial |
Close to the surface (skin) |
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Sagittal |
Divides the body lengthwise |
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Midsagittal |
Divides the body lengthwise equally |
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Transverse |
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
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Frontal |
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
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Cross section |
Sectioned across its width |
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Oblique section |
Section at an angle |
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Longitudinal section |
Sectioned across its length |
