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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotic |
Non synthetic substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms |
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Antibacterial |
Synthetic agents which have activity against bacteria - sulphonamides and fluoroquinolones |
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Antimicrobial |
Any substance that is natural, semi or fully synthetic that kiss or inhibits the growth of a microorganism without damaging the host |
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How can antimicrobials act? |
Inhibiting protein synthesis Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis Disruption of cell walls Interfering with metabolic processes |
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What are the types of resistance to antimicrobials |
Inherent Chromosomal mediated Transferable drug resistance |
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Give an example of inherent resistance |
Mycoplasma resistance to the beta lactams (doesnt have a cell wall so beta lactams are ineffective) |
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What is inherent resistance? |
Resistance that is a characteristic of that bacteria |
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What is chromosomal resistance |
1 in 10,000000 bacterial cells gives rise to a daughter cell with a mutation This may lead to a change that confers resistance (slow development and multiple steps) |
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What is tranferable resistance |
Resistance associated with plasmids and independant of chromosomes Plasmid can contain multiple genes that convey resistance to multiple drugs Can transfer to different bacteria via conjugation (sex pilus) |
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Results of resistance |
Production of enzymes that inactivate drug Alteration in binding site of drug Reduction in drug uptake Development of enzymes with low drug affinity Increased production of competetive metabolites |
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What is MIC |
The minimal inhibitory concentration Highest dilution at which there is no growth after incubation (lowest concentration of antimicrobial) A quantative value that defines susceptibility and is used to determine drug dose |
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What are the 2 types of post antibiotic effect |
Time dependent antimicrobials Concentration dependent antimicrobials |
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What are time dependant antimicrobials |
The parameter that best correlates with efficacy is the time that the serum concentration of the antimicrobial remains above mic The frequency needs to be correct |
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What are concentration dependant antimicrobials |
The parameter that best correlates with efficacy is the peak serum concentration The dosing needs to be correct |
