Intro To A & P

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

A branch of science that studies the general structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other.

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Surface Anatomy

Back 2

Study of the surface markings of the body.

Front 3

Gross Anatomy

Back 3

Study of the structures without a microscope.

Front 4

Systems Approach

Back 4

Study of the bodily systems.

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Regional Anatomy

Back 5

Study of specific regions.

Front 6

Developmental Anatomy

Back 6

Study of development from fertilized egg to adulthood.

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Radiographic Anatomy

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Study of body through the use of X-rays.

Front 8

Microscopic Anatomy

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Study of cells and tissues with a microscope.

Front 9

Physiology

Back 9

Study of the gunctions (Normal Vs Pathological) of a living organism.

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Applied Physiology

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Study of how the body responds to stresses, such as exercise, work and the enviroment.

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Comparative Physiology

Back 11

Study of fuctions of two animal organisms.

Front 12

Human Physiology

Back 12

Study of the functions of the human species.

Front 13

Pathologic Physiology

Back 13

Study of disease or tissue function.

Front 14

Neurophysiology

Back 14

Study of functions of the nerve.

Front 15

Cardiovascular Physiology

Back 15

Study of functions of the heart.

Front 16

Respiratory Physiology

Back 16

Study of functions of the respiratory systems.

Front 17

Reproductive Physiology

Back 17

Study of functions of the reproductive organs.

Front 18

Digestive Physiology

Back 18

Study of fuctions of the stomach.

Front 19

Homeostasis

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A condition in which the body's internal environment remains within certain physiological limits.

Front 20

Chemical Level

Back 20

Lowest level of structural organization.

Front 21

Structural Oraganization

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Chemical level, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.

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Organelle

Back 22

Smallest structure found within a cell, has a specialized function.

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Cell

Back 23

Basic structural and fuctional unit of any living organism.

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Tissue

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Group of cells working together to perform a specialized function/activity.

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Organ

Back 25

Group of tissues working together.

Front 26

Organ System

Back 26

Group of organs working together.

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Organism

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Group of organ systems working together; a functional living unit, one living individual.

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Components of the Integumentary System

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Components - The skin and structures derived from it.

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Components of the Skeletal System

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Components - All the bones of the body, their associated cartilage, and the joints of the body.

Front 30

Components of the Muscular System

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Components - Specifically refers to skeletal muscle tissue. Other muscle tissues are smooth and cardiac.

Front 31

Components of the Nervous System

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Components - Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eye and ear.

Front 32

Components of the Endocrine System

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Components - All hormone-producing glands and cells such as pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and pancreas.

Front 33

Components of the Cariovascular System

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Components - Blood, heart, and blood vessels.

Front 34

Components of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

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Components - Lymph, lymphatic vessels, and structures or organs containing lymphatic tissue (large numbers of white blood cells called lymphocytes), such as the spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and tonsils.

Front 35

Components of the Respiratory System

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Components - Lungs and a series of associated passageways leading into and out of them.

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Components of the Digestive System

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Components - A long tube called the gastro-intestinal tract and associated organs such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbbladder, and pancreas.

Front 37

Components of the Urinary System

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Components - Organs such as the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra that together produce, sotre, and elimate urine.

Front 38

Components of the Reproductive System

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Components - Organs (testes and ovaries) that produce reproductive cells or gametes (sperm and ova) and other organs such as the uterine (fallopian) tubes and uterus in females and the epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, and penis in males that transport and store reproductive cells.

Front 39

Body Cavities

Back 39

Dorsal body cavitity, Ventral cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity

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Dorasl Body Cavity

Back 40

Posterior aspect of the body divied into the cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) cavity.

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Cranial Cavity

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Formed by the cranial (skull) bones housing the brain.

Front 42

Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity

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Formed by the vertebra: houses the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves.

Front 43

Ventral Cavity

Back 43

Anterior aspect of the body: divided into two subdivisions by the diaphragm

Front 44

Thoracic Cavity

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Has three components, Pleural, mediastinum, and Pericardial.

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Pleural

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Surround Lungs.

Front 46

Mediastinum

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Region between lungs, extending from the sternum (breastbone) to the vertebral column

Front 47

Pericardial

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Between the lungs, surrounding the heart.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity

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Divided into two separate cavities: Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.

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Abdominal Cavity

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Upper portion containing the stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

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Pelvic Cavity

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Lower portion containing the urinary bladder, appendix, sigmoid colon, rectum, and reproductive organs.

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Functions of the Integumentary System

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Function - Helps regulate body temperature, protects the body, eliminates some wastes, helps produce vitamin D, and receives certain stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and pain.

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Functions of the Skeletal System

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Function - Supports and pretects the body, assists in body movements, houses cells that give rise to blood cells, and stores minerals.

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Functions of the Muscular System

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Function - Participates in bringing about movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.

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Functions of the Nervous System

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Function - Regulates body activities through action potentials (nerve impulses) by detecting changes in the internal and external environment, interpreting the changes, and responding to the changes by inducing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

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Functions of the Endocrine System

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Function - Regulates body activities through hormones, chemicals transported in the blood to various target organs of the body

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Functions of the Cardiovascular System

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Function - Distributes oxygen and nutrients to cells, carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells, helps maintain the acid-base balance of the body, protects against disease, prevents hemorrhage by forming blood clots, and helps regulate body temperature.

Front 57

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

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Function - Returns proteins and plasma to the cardiovascular system, transports fats from the gastrointestinal tract to the cardiovascular system, filters body fluid, helps produce certain white blood cells, and helps protect against disease through the production of proteins called antibodies, as well as other responses.

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Functions of the Respiratory System

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Function - Supllies oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, helps regulate the acid-base balance of the body, and produce vocal sounds.

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Functions of the Digestive System

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Function - Performs the physical and chemical breakdown and absorption of food for use by cells and eliminates solid and other wastes.

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Functions of the Urinary System

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Function - Regulates the volume and chemical composition of blood, eliminates wastes, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, helps maintain the acid-base and calcium balance of the body, and helps regulate red blood cell production.

Front 61

Functions of the Reproductive System

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Function - Reproduces the organism.

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Action Potentials

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Nerve impulses.

Front 63

Lymphocytes

Back 63

Any of various white blood cells.