Intro Sports Med Test 1

Front 1

Sports Medicine

Back 1

relating to performance enhancement or injury care and management

Front 2

Athletic Trainer

Back 2

charged w/ injury prevention and health care provision for the athlete; involved from inception until the athlete returns to full competition

Front 3

WOTS up analysis

Back 3

Weakness, Opportunity, Threats, Strength

Front 4

policies

Back 4

clear written out statements of basic rules

Front 5

procedures

Back 5

describes the process

Front 6

OSAH

Back 6

Occupational Safety And Health habits

Front 7

HIPAA

Back 7

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act: protects the athlete from having records shared unless otherwise authorized

Front 8

Overload/SAID principle

Back 8

Specific Adaptation of Imposed Demands:
when the body gradually adjusts to exercises/stresses applied

Front 9

Warm-up

Back 9

enhances performance, prepares body for physical work, increases circulation and blood flow to muscles, increases metabolic process, core temp, and muscle elasticity, 10-15 min result in 45 min

Front 10

Cool-down

Back 10

essential component of workout, brings body back to resting state, 5-10 min, decreases muscle soreness and blood flow and lactic acid levels more rapidly

Front 11

flexibility

Back 11

ability to move joints smoothly through a full range of motion (ROM)

Front 12

active ROM

Back 12

dynamic flexibility, ability to move joint w/ little resistance, moved by muscle contraction

Front 13

passive ROM

Back 13

static flexiility, motion of joint to end points w/o muscle contraction (usually done by someone else)

Front 14

isometric contraction

Back 14

no muscle length change occurs during contraction

Front 15

isotonic contraction

Back 15

concentric: shortening of muscle
eccentric: lengthening of muscle

Front 16

agonist muscle

Back 16

muscle that contracts to produce movement

Front 17

antagonist muscle

Back 17

muscle that stretches during movement

Front 18

ballistic stretching

Back 18

bouncing movement where repetitive contractions of agonist work to stretch antagonist; most closely resembles msucle activity during sports

Front 19

static stretching

Back 19

passive stretch, controlled and less chance of injury

Front 20

goniometer

Back 20

measures ROM; protractor that utilizes allignment of 2 arms parallel to longitudinal axis of 2 segments involved in motion

Front 21

strength

Back 21

ability to generate force against resistance

Front 22

power

Back 22

relationship b/w strength and time

Front 23

muscular endurance

Back 23

repetitive muscular contractions (increased strength=increased endurance)

Front 24

hepertrophy

Back 24

enlargement of a ody part caused by an increase in the size of its cells

Front 25

atrophy

Back 25

decrease in the size of the muscle due to inactivity

Front 26

repetitions

Back 26

number of times a specific movement is repeated

Front 27

repetitions maximum (RM)

Back 27

the max number of reps at a given weight

Front 28

one repetition maximum (1RM)

Back 28

the max amount of weight that can be lifted one time

Front 29

set

Back 29

a particular number of reps

Front 30

intensity

Back 30

the amount of weight or resistance lifted

Front 31

recovery period

Back 31

rest interval b/w sets

Front 32

frequency

Back 32

the number of times an exercise is done in a week

Front 33

isokinetic exercise

Back 33

involves a muscle contraction in which length of the muscle is changing while the contractions is performed as a constant velocity

Front 34

circuit training

Back 34

employs a series of exercise stations that consist of various combinations of weight training, flexibility, calisthenics, and brief aerobic exercises

Front 35

calisthenic exercise

Back 35

free exercise, gravities involvement determines level of intensity (pull ups, push ups, etc)

Front 36

plyometric exercise

Back 36

rapid stretch, eccentric contraction followed by a rapid concentric contraction to create a forceful explosive movement

Front 37

recovery period

Back 37

rest interval b/w sets

Front 38

frequency

Back 38

the number of times an exercise is done in a week

Front 39

isokinetic exercise

Back 39

involves a muscle contraction in which length of the muscle is changing while the contractions is performed as a constant velocity

Front 40

circuit training

Back 40

employs a series of exercise stations that consist of various combinations of weight training, flexibility, calisthenics, and brief aerobic exercises

Front 41

calisthenic exercise

Back 41

free exercise, gravities involvement determines level of intensity (pull ups, push ups, etc)

Front 42

plyometric exercise

Back 42

rapid stretch, eccentric contraction followed by a rapid concentric contraction to create a forceful explosive movement

Front 43

nutrient basics

Back 43

science of substances found in food that are essential to life

Front 44

carbohydrates

Back 44

body's most efficient energy source; accounts for 55-70% of total caloric intake
simle sugars (candy) and complex- starch and fibers

Front 45

starches

Back 45

complex, body cant use directly, broken down in simple sugars (rice, bread, potatoes)

Front 46

fiber

Back 46

structural part of plant not digestible, aids normal elimintation of waste, reduces risk of colon cancer and coronary artery disease (recomended 25g per day)

Front 47

fats

Back 47

most concentrated source of energy, essential for growth and development, 40-50% of caloric intake

Front 48

proteins

Back 48

required for growth, maintenance, and repair of the body; aid w/ enzyme, hormone, and enzyme production; 12-15% of caloric intake

Front 49

amino acids

Back 49

basic units that compose proteins (20), most can be produced by the body and others must be consumed

Front 50

vitamis

Back 50

serve as regulators in many body processes
fat soluble- found in fatty foods and oils (A,D,E,K)
water soulble- help regulate metabolism but cant be stored (C,B-complex)

Front 51

antioxidants

Back 51

prevent premature aging, cancers, heart disease, and othe health problems; help protect cells from free radicals; (A,C,E)

Front 52

vitamin dificiencies

Back 52

illness that results from a deficit in a particular vitamin/mineral

Front 53

minerals

Back 53

more than 20 have essential roles in body, many are stored in liver and bones (iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium)

Front 54

water

Back 54

most essential nutrient and most abundant in body (60% of body weight), essential for all chemical processes, lack of water can lead to illness or death (2.5L a day)

Front 55

RDA

Back 55

Recomended Daily Allowance

Front 56

DRI

Back 56

Dietary Reference Intake

Front 57

mineral supplementation

Back 57

calcium and iron tend to be low and diets may need to be modified

Front 58

calcium deficiency

Back 58

most abundant mineral in body; if body's intake is low, the body will remove calcium from bones causing osteoperosis

Front 59

iron deficiency

Back 59

causes anemia, common in females; limits oxygen carrying capacity of blood; athlete may feel tired and week due to muscle inability to generate energy

Front 60

protein supplementation

Back 60

about 1-1.5 g/kg body weight of protein should be consumed for increasing muscle mass

Front 61

pre-event nutrition

Back 61

long term food consumption is important taking digestion into account

Front 62

body composition

Back 62

relationship b/w fat tissue and lean body tissue
averages:
-female 20-25% bw = fat (not below 12%)
-male 12-15% bw = fat (not below 3%)

Front 63

overweight

Back 63

excess body weight relative to size and stature

Front 64

overfat

Back 64

excessively high percentage of total body weight is fat

Front 65

obesity

Back 65

extreme amount of excessive fat
-female >30%
-male >20%

Front 66

BMI

Back 66

body mass index- ratio of height and weight

Front 67

caloric balance

Back 67

=calories consumed - calories expended
positive caloric balance results in weight gain
negative caloric balance results in weight loss

Front 68

calories are expended through:

Back 68

basal metabolism (calories expended at rest) BMR
work (activity that requires more energy than sleeping)
excretion

Front 69

bulimia nervosa

Back 69

periods of starvation, bingeing (thousands of calories) and purging through vomiting, fasting and laxatives/diuretics

Front 70

anorexia nervosa

Back 70

distorted body image and constant concern about weight gain, deny hunger and are hyperactive

Front 71

female athlete triad

Back 71

combination of:
-eating disorder
-amenorrhea (losing menstrual cycle)
-osteoporosis

Front 72

hyperthermia

Back 72

elevated body temp

Front 73

heat stress

Back 73

prolonged exposure to extreme heat can result in heat illness

Front 74

metabolic heat production

Back 74

heat that the body produces when active

Front 75

conductive heat exchange

Back 75

physical contact with objects resulting in heat loss or gain (turf heat)

Front 76

convective heat exchange

Back 76

body heat can be lost or gained depending on circulation medium (breeze or humidity)

Front 77

radiant heat exchange

Back 77

comes from sunshine and will cause increase in temp even in shade

Front 78

evaporative heat loss

Back 78

cooling of body temp through sweating

Front 79

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index

Back 79

WBGT- provides an objective means for determining precautions for participation

Front 80

heat rash

Back 80

benign condition associated with red, raised rash, combined w/ prickling w/ sweat

Front 81

heat syncope (collapse)

Back 81

associated w/ rapid fatigue and overexposure to heat; caused by peripheral vasodilation or pooling of blood in extremities resulting in dizziness or fatigue

Front 82

heat cramps

Back 82

painful muscle spasms due to excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance

Front 83

exertional heat exhaustion

Back 83

result of inadequate fluid replacement, unable to sustain adequate cardiac output; core temp is <104º

Front 84

exertional heatstroke

Back 84

core temp is ≥104º; life threatening condition; breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanism

Front 85

exertional hyponatremia

Back 85

fluid/electrolyte disorder resulting in abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood; caused by drinking excessive amounts of water

Front 86

hypothermia

Back 86

core body temp falls below 95º
death is imminent when temp falls below 77-85º

Front 87

frostnip

Back 87

involves ear, nose, chin, fingers, and toes; occurs w/ high wind and severe cold

Front 88

frostbite

Back 88

due to poor peripheral circulation
-chilblains result from prolonged exposure causing redness and swelling

Front 89

flash to bang

Back 89

estimates distance from storm
count of 30 indicates inherent danger

Front 90

trauma

Back 90

physical injury or wound sustained in sport produced by internal or external force

Front 91

mechanical injury

Back 91

results from force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter

Front 92

injury

Back 92

result of external forces directed on the body or can occur w/i the body internally

Front 93

stress

Back 93

resistance to a load

Front 94

yield point

Back 94

point at which elasticity is almost exceeded

Front 95

mechanical failure

Back 95

elastic limit of tissue is exceeded, resulting in damage

Front 96

tension

Back 96

force that pulls and stretches tissue

Front 97

stretching

Back 97

pull beyond yield point resulting in damage

Front 98

compression

Back 98

force that results in tissue crush

Front 99

shearing

Back 99

force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue

Front 100

bending

Back 100

force on a horizontal beam that places stress within the structure

Front 101

inert tissue

Back 101

noncontractile - ligaments, skin, cartilage, capsules, fascia, dura mater and nerve roots

Front 102

contractile tissue

Back 102

muscles and its parts including tendons and bony insertions

Front 103

skin injuries

Back 103

break in the continuity of skin as a result of trauma

Front 104

friction blister

Back 104

continuous rubbing over skin surface that causes a collection of fluid below or within epidermal layer

Front 105

abrasion

Back 105

skin is scraped against rough surface resulting in capillary exposure due to skin removal

Front 106

skin bruise

Back 106

compression or crush injury of skin surface that produces bleeding under the skin

Front 107

laceration

Back 107

wound in which skin has been irregularly torn

Front 108

skin avulsion

Back 108

skin that is torn by same mechanism as laceration to the extent that tissue is completely ripped from source

Front 109

incision

Back 109

wound in which skin has been sharply cut

Front 110

puncture

Back 110

penetration of the skin by a sharp object

Front 111

irritability

Back 111

twitch

Front 112

contractility

Back 112

muscle able to contract or not

Front 113

conductivity

Back 113

balance (cramping)

Front 114

elasticity

Back 114

stretching

Front 115

hematoma

Back 115

swelling - results from blood and lymph flow into surrounding tissue

Front 116

strain

Back 116

stretch, tear, or rip to muscle or tendon