Intro Sociology Ch.4

Front 1

Socialization

Back 1

Process whereby a helpless infant gradually becomes self aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which he or she was born

Front 2

Social Reproduction

Back 2

The process whereby societies have structural continuity over time. Ex: Children learn from their elders. W/o example: "Wild boy of Aveyron" and "Genie"

Front 3

Cognition

Back 3

Piaget: The ways in which children learn to think about themselves and their environment.

Front 4

Social self:

Back 4

Mead: Me opposed to I. Me is the spontananeous want of an infant, while me is awareness of oneself and not just one's desires

Front 5

Self consciousness

Back 5

Mead: Seeing themselves as others see them.

Front 6

Generalized other

Back 6

Mead:The general values and moral rules of the culture in which they are developing. (Ages 8-9)

Front 7

Sensorimotor Stage

Back 7

Piaget: (ages 0-2) Infants learn mainly by touching objects, manipulating them and physically exploring their environment.

Front 8

Preoperational Stage

Back 8

Piaget: Ages 2-7. Mastery of language and become able to use words to represent objects and images in a symbolic fashion.

Front 9

Egocentric

Back 9

Paiget: (ages 2-7) Tendency of the child to interpret the world exclusively in terms of his own position.

Front 10

Concrete operational stage

Back 10

Piaget (Ages 7-11): Children master abstract, logical notions.

Front 11

Formal operational stage:

Back 11

Paiget (ages 11-15) Grasp highly abstract and hypothetical ideas.

Front 12

Agents of socialization

Back 12

Groups or social contexts in which significant processes of socialization occur. ex: family, schools, peer relationships, mass media, and work

Front 13

Peer group

Back 13

Consist of children of a similar age.

Front 14

Age-grades

Back 14

Peer groups formalizes age grades. Specific ceremonies or rites that mark the transition of men from on grade-age to another. (mainly male.)

Front 15

Mass Media:

Back 15

Printed documents that were later accompanied by electronic communication: radio, television, records and videos.

Front 16

Social Roles

Back 16

Socially defined expectations that a person in a given social position follows.

Front 17

Identity

Back 17

the understandings people hold about who they are and what is meaningful to them.

Front 18

Social Identity

Back 18

Characteristics that other people attribute to an individual. Markers that indicate who that individual is. People are often placed in relation to other individual who share the same attributes.

Front 19

Self Identity

Back 19

Sets us apart as distinct individuals

Front 20

Gender Socialization

Back 20

The learning of gender roles through social factors such as the family and the media.

Front 21

Freud: Gender Roles

Back 21

The learning of gender differences in infants and young children is centered on the possession or absence of a penis. Symbolic of masculine and feminine.

Front 22

Chodorow: Gender Roles

Back 22

Learning to feel male or female derives from infant's attachment to parents at an early age. More emphasis on the mother. Girls to not experience a sharp break from mother which portrays female dependence. While boys gain a sense of self through radical rejection of their closeness to their mother.

Front 23

Gilligan: Gender Roles

Back 23

Images adult women and men have of themselves and their attainments. Women define themselves in terms of personal relationships and judge their achievements by reference to the ability to care for others. Men see their own emphasis on individual achievement.

Front 24

Life Course:

Back 24

Social and biological in nature. Influences by cultural differences and also by the material circumstances of people's lives in given types of society.

Front 25

Childhood life course:

Back 25

The long period of childhood that we recognize today shows society's child centered culture that is separate from traditional roles, where childhood was much shorter, and children began working at a young age.

Front 26

Teenager life course

Back 26

Other cultures there is no teenager stage. Childhood-->adulthood. Western societies teenagers try to follow adult ways but are treated in law as children.

Front 27

Young adult life course

Back 27

Specific stage in personal and sexual development in modern societies.

Front 28

Mature adulthood life course

Back 28

"Make" own life rather then planned by others.Greater freedom. Midlife crisis: unsatisfying jobs, and grownup children.

Front 29

Old Age Life course:

Back 29

Not as respected in modern times as traditional society. Now poorer in old age, no longer living with family, retired, and difficult to makes the final period of life rewarding.