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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formal definition of Psychology? |
The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
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What happened in 1879 and what did Wilhelm Wundt have to do with it? |
Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. This was the first laboratory dedicated to psychology.
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Which early school of thought in psychology relied on a method called introspection? |
Structuralism |
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Whats the definition of a hypothesis? |
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
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Naturalistic Observation |
Research tool in which a subject is observed in its natural habitat without any manipulation by the observer.
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Survey |
A general view, examination, or description of someone or something.
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Case Study |
A process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time
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What is an Independent Variable? |
A variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.
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What is a Dependent Variable? |
A variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another.
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What is the purpose of a control group? |
The purpose of the group of controls is to be able to have an altered sample of the control and be able to compare test results.
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Job of sensory neuron? |
Specialized neurons in your body that can detect the environment. Your sensory neurons are what make up your five primary senses and all of the sub-senses like flavors on the tongue or what your skin feels.
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Job of motor neuron? |
The function of a motor neuron is to carry an electrical signal to a muscle, triggering it to either contract or relax.
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Function of the endorphins? |
Interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as morphine and codeine.
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Cause of Parkinson's Disease? |
Parkinson's disease is caused by the progressive impairment or deterioration of neurons (nerve cells) in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra. When functioning normally, these neurons produce a vital brain chemical known as dopamine.
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What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? |
It is the sympathetic nervous system that is responsible for these responses that get your body aroused to respond. “Fight or flight,” in times of danger.
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Main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system? |
The "pituitary/hypothalamic axis" is one answer to your question. Signals from neurons to the pituitary, OR THE HYPOTHALMUS, can release hormones.
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Which part of the brain controls breathing, heartbeat, and other vital body functions? |
Medulla oblongata.
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What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex of the brain? |
The frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
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What is the formal definition of consciousness? |
The state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.
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Define circadian rhythm. |
Physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism's environment.
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What is a lucid dream? |
Any dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming.
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When does dreaming usually occur? What is it like? |
Dreaming occurs in REM. Dreams are successions of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that occur involuntarily in the mind. |
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What is REM sleep behavior disorder? |
The paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is incomplete or absent, allowing the person to "act out" his or her dreams.
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Define conditioning. |
A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus.
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UCS |
Unconditioned stimulus. |
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UCR |
Unconditioned response. |
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CS |
Conditioned stimulus. |
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CR |
Conditioned response. |
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Basic idea of operant conditioning? |
Behavior modification in which a subject is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the behavior.
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Define Memory. |
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.
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What is echoic memory? Contrast it with iconic memory.
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Echoic: A component of sensory memory (SM) that is specific to retaining auditory information.
Iconic: The visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information. |
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What is explicit memory?
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The conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information.
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What are the two types of motivated forgetting? How is one different from the other?
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The two types of motivated forgetting are repression (unconsciously) and suppression (consciously).
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What is Jean Piaget best known for?
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Best known for his research on children's cognitive development.
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What are the two basic areas of social psychology?
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Self, Interpersonal, and Intergroup Processes and Health Psychology
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2. What is the out-group homogeneity effect?
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The out-group homogeneity effect is one's perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members.
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What is Stanley Milgram best known for?
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One of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology was carried out by Stanley Milgram (1963).
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What is the bystander effect?
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Cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present.
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What is the DSM-V?
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Standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States and contains a listing of diagnostic criteria for every psychiatric disorder recognized by the U.S. healthcare system.
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What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis?
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Symptom relief, increased self- awareness, and a more objective capacity for self-observatio.
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