Intro Microbiology

Front 1

What is the system called for classifying organisms?

Back 1

taxonomy system

Front 2

What is the broadest level of classification for an organism?

Back 2

Kingdom

Front 3

What are the major classes of microorganisms?

Back 3

Bacteria, Fungi and Algae, Protozoa, Rickettsiae, and Viruses.

Front 4

There are different classes of microorganisms, what is the study o0f bacteria called?

Back 4

Bacteriology

Front 5

Bacterium is a widely distributed _____ organism that may or may not cause disease.

Back 5

unicellular

Front 6

Under the Fungus class of microorganisms, what is the study of fungi?

Back 6

Mycology

Front 7

Fungus is a ____ or _____ organism that reproduces by means of _____ and that may be pathogenic or nonpathogenic.

Back 7

unicellular
multicellular
spores

Front 8

Protozoan is a unicellular organism that is adapted for life in water and forms cycs that pass from ____ to ___.

Back 8

host to host

Front 9

Worm is a ________ organism that is parasitic form can be pathogenic to humans.

Back 9

multicellular

Front 10

In the medical profession worms are referred to as _____.

Back 10

helminths

Front 11

The study of viruses is called?

Back 11

Virology

Front 12

Virus is a _____ organism that reproduces as a parasite within other organisms and, consequently, is pathogenic.

Back 12

subcellular

Front 13

What do viruses consist of?

Back 13

RNA and DNA within a protein shell.

Front 14

What are some examples of different viruses?

Back 14

Rabies, chicken pox, measles, influenza, cold sores, polio, and certain tumors.

Front 15

Any disease induced by a fungus?

Back 15

mycosis

Front 16

What relationship between microbial organisms is when 2 organisms have close contact with each other?

Back 16

Symbiosis

Front 17

What relationship between microbial organisms is when a relationship between 2 organisms is beneficial to both?

Back 17

Mutualism

Front 18

What relationship between microbial organisms is a relationship between two organisms in which the organisms present no significant benefit or harm to each other?

Back 18

Neutralism or Independence (very little interaction)

Front 19

What relationship between microbial organisms involves 2 organisms in which one organism is capable of causing a disease in the other organism?

Back 19

Pathogenic

Front 20

What is it called when organisms that take up residence in or on the body temporarily in a location where they are not normally found?

Back 20

Transient Flora

Front 21

Normal flora is microscopic plant life such as bacteria which are adapted to residing in a given area of the body during health...what are some examples?

Back 21

skin flora, intestinal flora, vaginal flora

Front 22

What is the purpose of a gram stain?

Back 22

Indicate gram positive or gram negative characteristics.

Front 23

A bacteria that turns a bluish color is?

Back 23

Gram + bacteria

Front 24

A bacteria that turns a reddish color is?

Back 24

Gram - bacteria

Front 25

Examples of Gram + bacteria?

Back 25

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium

Front 26

Examples of Gram - bacteria?

Back 26

Pseudomonas, Proteus, Salmonella, Hemophilus.

Front 27

A laboratory technique used to identify bacteria which consists of staining bacteria with a ____ stain and then counterstaining with a _____ stain is called?

Back 27

Answer: Gram stain
violet
red

Front 28

What is a true statement concerning the characteristics of bacteria?

Back 28

They are unicellular and have a tough outer cell wall which gives bacterium its shape.

Front 29

(Bacteria) Cocci that forms clusters is called?

Back 29

staphylococcus

Front 30

(Bacteria) Chains that a formed are called?

Back 30

Streptococcus

Front 31

(Bacteria) Those that form pairs are called?

Back 31

diplococcus

Front 32

What is it called when the bacteria has the capability to live under certain environmental circumstances and have the ability to adapt to more than one condition?

Back 32

Facultative.

Front 33

Facultative anaerobic species can reproduce with or without ____.

Back 33

oxygen.

Front 34

Bacteria are labeled according to their _____. What is the bacteria called when it is sphere or round forms? Rod or cylinder shapes?

Back 34

shapes.
Coccus (plural - cocci) (Cocci are not motile)
Bacillus (plural - bacilli)

Front 35

Short, slightly bent, comma-shapped rod is called?

Back 35

Vibrio

Front 36

Longer, rigid, curved organism with several flagella is called?

Back 36

Spirillum (plural - spirilla)

Front 37

Longer, flexible and motile spiral organism is called?

Back 37

Spirochete
(motile by rotating in a corkscrew fashion, not by use of flagellum)

Front 38

A spore forming pathogen include several Clostridium species which can cause?

Back 38

anthrax
botulism
tetanus
gas gangrene

Front 39

Flagella are a more specialized structure of bacteria that are:
a. hairlike processes.
b. Cause the bacteria to move along in liquid by their wavelike rhythmic contractions.
c. Are present on bacilli and spirilli.
d. ALL THE ABOVE

Back 39

all the above

Front 40

What is the reproductive form of a fungus?

Back 40

spore

Front 41

What are the 2 types of toxins produced by bacteria?

Back 41

Endotoxins
Exotoxins

Front 42

What is the most potent of the toxins called?

Back 42

Exotoxins

Front 43

What toxin lives inside the bacterial cell wall?

Back 43

Endotoxin

Front 44

When the endotoxin is ______, it produces some of the symptoms of infectious diseases.

Back 44

liberated. (when a cell dies and disintegrates it is then considered harmful)

Front 45

Examples of what exotoxin organisms can cause are:

Back 45

tetanus
gas gangrene
diphtheria
scarlet fever

Front 46

Bacteria grows in the dark. Most bacteria are killed by direct _____. Spore formation is stimulated by sunlight because the bacterium then become _______.

Back 46

sunlight
stressed.

Front 47

Most bacteria grow best at what temperature?

Back 47

normal body temperature

Front 48

Certain stains of staphylococci cause?

Back 48

food poisoning (Cocci)

Front 49

What is the most post-operative wound infection?

Back 49

Staphylococcus Aureus (Cocci)

Front 50

What causes gastroenteriritis, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and epidemic diarrhea in newborn nurseries?

Back 50

Escherichia coli (Bacilli)

Front 51

Clostridium tetani causes:
Clostridium perfringens causes:
Clostridium botulinum causes:

Back 51

lockjaw (Bacilli)
gas gangrene (Bacilli)
botulism (Bacilli)

Front 52

What can cause severe wound infections, urinary trat infections, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and septicemia when resistance of host is especially low, such as in burn patients?

Back 52

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacilli)

Front 53

The spiral shaped bacteria, spirochete causes?

Back 53

syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

Front 54

What is the main difference between fungi and algae?

Back 54

Fungi do not have chlorophyll.

Alga has chlorophyll in its cells and produce its own nourishment in the presence of light.

Front 55

Fungi infections may result from the use of antibiotics because the bacteria attach the bacterial levels making the fungi levels go up and become _____

Back 55

oportunistic

Front 56

Fungi:
a. In plant kingdom
b. Lack Chlorophyll
c. Contain over 100,000 species
d. ALL THE ABOVE

Back 56

All the above

Front 57

Fungi can exist in one of two ways, what are they?

Back 57

Parasite - Existing on another living organism.
Saprophyte - Living on dead matter.

Front 58

A common yeast mycosis is?

Back 58

Candida (Fungi)
(infects mucous membranes of mouth and female genitalia)

Front 59

What reproduces by an asexual reproduction called budding?

Back 59

Yeasts (Fungi)

Front 60

Molds are multicellular, reproduce by spores and are characterized by a fuzzy growth known as, ____.

Back 60

hyphae

Front 61

Ringworm of the foot, known as, athlete's foot is caused by?

Back 61

Common mycoses cause by molds.
Mold (Fungi)

Front 62

Protozoa are unicellular and are the simplest form of _____ life.

Back 62

animal

Front 63

Protozoa take their food in solid particles, are motile using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia, can reproduce _____ or ______ by ______.

Back 63

sexually
asexually by fission

Front 64

Protozoa live in?

Back 64

water and soil

Front 65

Protozoas are spread from ___ or ___ contaminated with cysts.

Back 65

food
water

Front 66

When protozoa is subjected to adverse conditions, they become ______.

Back 66

inactive. They surround themselves in a heavy protective cell wall, cyst formation.

Front 67

What are some protozoan diseases?

Back 67

Amebic dysentery
Malaria
Trichomonas infection, trichomonas vaginalis.

Front 68

What causes amebic dysentery?

Back 68

Entamoeba histolytica
(Tissue damaged, cell lysis)

Front 69

What is transmitted by the bite of a female _________ or by a contaminated hypodermic needle or blood transfusion?

Back 69

Anopheles mosquito
Malaria

Front 70

What are parasites and can only grow inside living cells?

Back 70

Rickettsiae

Front 71

Rickettsiae are transmitted to human beings by?

Back 71

Arthropods (insects or animal vectors such as lice, mice, fleas, rats and tics)

Front 72

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a common disease caused by what?

Back 72

Rickettsia ricketsii (tick-borne)

Front 73

What are some characteristics of helminths?

Back 73

Multicellular
commonly called worms
parasitic

Front 74

Worms have several stages of life:

Back 74

eggs
larvae
adult stages

Front 75

Helminths common parasites that afflict humans are: (There are 5)

Back 75

Roundworms
Pinworms
Hookworms
Trichinellae
Flatworms (including flukes and tapeworms)

Front 76

What can lie dormant so that they present no signs of infection and then become active again after a period of time, even years later?

Back 76

viruses

Front 77

Viruses are nucleic acids within shells of ___?

Back 77

protein

Front 78

_____ is the smallest organism known; can only be seen with the aid of an ____ microscope.

Back 78

viruses
electron

Front 79

How many viruses could fit on the tip of a pin?

Back 79

2,500

Front 80

Viruses are intracellular parasites meaning?

Back 80

going inside cells is how they reproduce.

Front 81

Each virus has a shape that is characteristic of that virus...
Human beings and Animals are ____ shape.
Plants are ___ shape.

Back 81

spherical
rod-shaped

Front 82

Viruses which attack bacteria are known as ______ and are rod-shaped.

Back 82

bacteriophages

Front 83

What blocks the effect of the virus and is part of the body's defense against a viral infection?

Back 83

Interferon (they are produced by a normal body cell that is being attacked by a virus)

Front 84

List the 5 viral disease types and what they affect.

Back 84

Dermotrophic (skin and mucous membranes)
Pneumotrophic (respiratory tract)
Neurotrophic (central nervous system)
Viscerotrophic (specific organs)
Immunotrophic (immune system)

Front 85

What is the name of the dermotrophic virus, chicken pox?

Back 85

Varicella virus

Front 86

Both the common cold, aka, coryza and viral pneumonia is what type of viral disease?

Back 86

Pneumotrophic

Front 87

Mumps, viral hepatitis and yellow fever are all examples of?

Back 87

Viscerotrophic diseases affecting a specific organ.