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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aphasia |
-inadults is a language disorder associated with acquired brain damage (tumors,strokes). It affects all aspects of language. -difficulties with comprehension, expression, difficulty rememberingwords, with reading or writing, difficulty expressing or comprehending throughgestures -nota speech disorder -notthe language associated with dementia or confusion seen in some brain-injuredpatientsage -notthe bizarre language of schizophrenic patients |
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Anomia |
-difficultyin naming things, objects, and people -know what they want to say but have diff. finding the right word. -struggle in their face when they try hard to find words, literally try to squeeze the word out |
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Paraphasia |
-wordsubstitution. Three varieties exist: -In phonemicparaphasia,the substituted words sound like the correct words. ("hiss" for "Kiss") -In verbalparaphasia,the substituted words have meanings similar to the correct words. (says wife for husband) Neologism isthe use of words that do not exist Creation of new words |
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Agrammaticism |
-isomission of grammatical elements (telegraphic speech). |
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Jargon |
issomewhat fluent but irrelevant or meaningless speech, often filled with neologisticwords -is technical (often comprehensible) language in everyday use. |
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Agraphia |
Writingdisorders |
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Alexia |
-Reading Problems |
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Agnosias |
-Diff. in understanding the meaning of sensory information |
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Auditory Verbal Agnosia |
-Patient can hear but cannot recognize the meaning of words unless the object of the word names is shown |
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Visual Agnosia |
-Patient cannot tell what something is by looking at it; he or she must hear the sound it makes or touch and feel is to say the word. |
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Etiology of Aphasia is a chain of Event |
-True -Thesource of injury may be external, automobile accidents, orinternal, stroke, known as a cerebrovascularaccident (CVA). -cause of aphasia is a stroke, -high blood pressure, -high levels ofblood cholesterol, -cerebral arteriosclerosis (hardening of the cerebral arteries, which become thickened) |
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CVA Cerebrovascular Accident |
-Thesource of injury may be external (Auto accident), orinternal (stroke). |
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Embolus |
-atraveling blood clot -Causes strokes -blot clot, fatty materials, air bubble that forms a wedge-shaped obstruction of blood flow (embolism) -blocks flow of blood in small arteries. -lack of blood cuts off the oxygen to brain cells causes damage. -Brain tissue dies within 3 mins. |
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Thrombosis |
-ablood clot at the point of its origin -immediate cause of stroke. -Thrombus (stationary blood clot) blocks flow of blood causing stroke. |
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Aneurysm |
-sack-like bulge on the wall of a weakened artery that ruptures,causing cerebral hemorrhage |
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Cerebral Hemorrhage |
-Bleeding within the brain |
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Hemorrhagic Strokes |
Strokes that are due to bleeding within the brain |
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Cerebral Arteriosclerosis |
-hardening of the cerebral arteries, which become thickened.
-Whenthickened, elasticity of these arteries is lost, arterial wallsrestricted. -Blood flow is restricted. |
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Apraxia |
-disorder of sequenced movement of body parts inthe absence of muscle weakness or paralysis. |
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Oral Apraxia (Verbal) |
-when ask to patients cannot move the muscles of the throat, soft palate, tongue, and thecheek for nonspeechpurposes. On their own, they may make the same movements (e.g., eating an icecream cone) |
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Limb Apraxia |
-some difficulty with some movements and not with others. On theirown, they may execute these movements |
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CAS Childhood Apraxia of Speech |
-childrenwith neurologic problems -children who have complex neurobehavioral disorders or certain geneticsyndromes, -children who seem to be otherwise normally developing (in which case is idiopathic; no neurologic or neurobehavioral impairments) |
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Dysarthria |
-groupof speech disorders due to paralysis, weakness, or incoordination ofthe speech muscles. - Impairedmuscle function affects all aspects of speech production (respiration,phonation, articulation, and prosody). Patientswith pure _______ haveno problems with language or reading. |
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Dementia |
-neurological syndrome associated with persistent or progressive deteriorationin intellectual functions. -In afew cases, it is reversible (due to vitamin B12deficiency, drug abuse, anemia). |
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Right Hemisphere Syndrome |
Neurological and behavioral impairments. - attention and orientation -visual perception -spatial awareness -emotional experiences and expression -certain aspects of communication |
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Dysphagia or Deglutition |
-Disorder of swallowing food or liquid |
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TBI |
-injury to the brain from physical trauma or external force.
Headtrauma is involved in, but it may not necessarily be the cause. |
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Broca's Aphasia |
-Agrammatism -effortful speech -short phrases -lacks intontation -nonfluent -presence of apraxia -good comprehension -impaired repetition -mostly expressive (motor) problems |
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Wernicke's Aphasia |
Fluent but meaningless speech -impaired auditory comprehension of speech -jargon -neologism -good articulation and intonation |
