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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T or F
The products for intranasal are ONLY for local use. |
False. The products are for local and systemic use.
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Provide four examples of intranasal products.
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Nasal decongestants
Glucocorticoids Vitamin B12 Pain Medications |
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What are the two main function of the nose?
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1. Olfaction
2. Conditioning of the inspired air for the lungs |
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T or F
Three main regions of the nose are Respiratory, Vestibular, and Vision. |
False. Vestibular, Respiratory, and Olfactory
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What parts up the vestibular region? and its function?
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Nasal Vestibule and Valve
Functions to filter and baffle air. |
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What type of epithelia is located in the vestibular region?
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Pseudostratified epithelia
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T or F
The vestibular region consist of short hairs and sqamous epithelia. |
False. The vestibular region consist of long hairs and pseudostratified epithelia.
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How does the vestibule communicate to the nasal cavity?
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Through the NARROW nasal valve
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This region is composed of three turbinates.
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Respiratory region.
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T or F
The respiratory region extends 3-4 cm forwards. |
F
It extends 6-8 cm backwards. |
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This is the major region for drug absorbtion?
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Respiratory Region
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T or F
The superior turbinate has more physiological significance the other two. |
False. Less
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Which tubinate communicates with the nasolacriminal duct?
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Inferior Turbinate
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The middle Turbinate communicates with what?
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Several sinuses
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Turbinates function to.... (3)
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Direct, heat and humidify air.
Increase surface area. Promote turbulence. |
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The relationship between turbulance and particle impaction.
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Turbulence increase particle impaction.
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Describe the olfactory region, location and characteristics.
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Roof of the nasal cavity.
Poor ventilation- not much of spray will reach it. Close to CNS, so has potential drug delivery to the brain. |
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Why does the olfactory region have potential drug delivery to the brain?
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Because it os close to the CNS
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The anterior 1/3 of respiratory the nasal mucosa is made of varying types of epithelia.
What are they in order of majority? |
Squamous
Transitional Pseudostratified columnar |
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What type of epithelia makes up the posterior 2/3 of the nasal
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Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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The posterior 2/3rd of the respiratory region is responsible for what process?
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Mucociliary Clearance
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What are the functions of mucus?
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It has many functions in the nose including protection of the epithelium and trapping and transporting inhaled substances.
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Under normal conditions, how is mucus secreted?
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Continuously
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What functions in coordination to move the mucus?
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Cilia
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T or F
Mucus is removed only posteriorly by the ciliary beat. |
False. In the anterior region of the inferior turbinate it is moved FORWARD.
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During intranasal delivery, why is there a narrow window of time for drug absorbtion?
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Clearance of absorbed materials occur every 15-20 minutes.
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What is one the of the most significant physiological factor affecting nasal absorbtion?
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Mucociliary clearance
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T or F
The role of enzymatic activity in mucoiliary clearance is greater than in the small intestine. |
False. Less than
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T or F
The blood supply to the nasal mucusa is drained to the hepatic portal system. |
False.
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Describe the blood supply of the nasal mucosa.
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Highly vascularized epithelium with fenestrated capillaries
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Describe some disavantage of Intranasal Delivery.
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Intranasal metabolism is possible
Can be complicated by certain physiological and enviromental conditions. |
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Solutions with ph range 4-8 can cause what type of damage?
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Minimum
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Cililary beat is best maintain at what pH? What happens if it is below the lowest number?
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7-10
Below 7 it slows down ciliary beat |
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For osmolarity what tonicity os the preferred choice?
Why? |
Isotonic
Minimized irritation |
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What happens if product viscosity is too high?
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It slows down mucociliary clearance.
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What type of preservative is usually included the intranasal formulation?
Why? |
Benzalkonium chloride (may be toxic and reduce cilliary function)
The nose has contamination |
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Sprays are mainly deposited into what region of the nasal cavity?
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Anterior Region of the nasal cavity
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T or F
Drops yield a greater coverage then spray, but are cleared more rapidly. |
True
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Why is particle size critical for particle deposition?
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Particles of about 8-20 um in diameter impact the nasal cavity.
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The actuator in a spray bottle design should be designed to reach what?
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The nasal valve in order to facilitate reaching of the nasal cavity.
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