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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the difference between bacterostatic and bactericidal? |
bactericidal= amino-glycosides- derivedfrom streptomycin genus- inhibit protein synthesis- NOT absorbed by gut - iV only- not activeagainst anaerobes or streptococci bacterostatic= derived from streptomyces venezuelae- suitable for oral and parenteral use- broad spectrum but can cause toxicity problems- more commonly used in more topical preparations, eyedrops,eardrops |
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what is the difference between antiseptic and disinfectant? |
antiseptic= substances that are too toxic for use inside the body but may be used topically - eyes, ears, skin Disinfectant= substances that are used to inhibit microbial organisms on inanimate objects |
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what are the basic target sites for the action of antibacterial agents? |
- cell wall -DNA replication - RNA synthesis -antimetabolites - protein synthesis |
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what is the difference between MiC and MbC for an antimicrobial agent? |
Mic= minimum inhibitory concentration (cells static not dead) mbc= minimum bacterial concentration (cells are dead) |
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list 5 ideal qualities for an antimicrobial agent and explain each? |
disinfectant- bleach antiseptics- detol antibiotics- destroy microorganisms bactericidal- kill bacteria bacterostatic- slow down bacteria growth |
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list 5 categories of antibacterial agents? |
Aminoglycosides- gentamicin Tetracyclines Polypeptides Nitrofurans B-lactams- penicillin |
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whats the difference between antagonism and synergism? |
antagonism= member inhibited or destroyed by others synergism= members cooperate and share nutrients |
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what bacterial genus has been the source of many antimicrobrial agents? |
b-lactams?? |
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Why would norfloxacin not be prescribed for septicaemia or meningitis? |
? |
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Why should nitrofurans not be prescribed with quinolones? |
They are antangonistic to quinolones and should not be given together |
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Why is chloramphenicol primarily only used as a topical agent? |
? |
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How would aminoglycosides be administered? |
IV only as not absorbed in the gut |
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Why are some bacterial agents suitable for oral ingestion and others not? |
because these can be absorbed through the gut and others can't therefor need another means i.e. IV, rectal |
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Why don't sulphonamides, trimethoprim or their combination affect humans but do affect bacteria? |
Humans don't synthesis Tetrahodrofolic acid |
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Antimicrobial resistance can be divided into 2 categories. Whay are they and what is the difference between them? |
Intrinsic-normal genetic structure of microorganism, natural and inhereted, predictable for particular bacteria Acquired-successful genetic mutation, combination of mutation and gene transfer, genetic changes lead to altered cellular structure |
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Name three acquired mechanisms of antibiotic resistance used by bacteria? |
Alteration of the target molecule, protein, enzyme or bacterial compnent
Inactivation of drug
Drug actively pumped out of bacterial cell |
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What does the pneumonic MINDME stand for? |
Microbiology guides therapy wherever possible Indications should be evidence based Narrowest spectrum required Dosage appropriate to the site and type of infection Minimise duration of therapy Ensure monotherapy in most cases |
