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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
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WMD
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Weapons of mass destruction
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World Bank
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is an international financial institution that provides loans[2] to developing countries for capital programmes.
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Washington Consensus
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free market policies that from about 1980 - 2008 was influential. market friendly policies that were generally advised and implemented both for advanced and emerging economies. I
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Utilitarian compliance
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When people or states abide by laws because they think it is in their interests to do so
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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A nonbonding United Nations declaration that recognizes a long list of basic human rights. Combined with the UN Charter, it revealed an emerging tension between the principles of state sovereignty and human rights.
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Tyranny of location
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conditions in which a producer's geographical proximity to sources of supply or markets is a critical determinant of its ability to compete effectively
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Tragedy of the commons
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A metaphor in which actors fail to restrain their use of common resources, eventually depleting those resources for all. Often used to conceptualize the issues of global population growth, resource consumption, and environmental degradation.
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Terrorism
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The indiscriminate use or threat of violence to advance social, political, economic, or religious objectives by creating a climate of fear.
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Strategic trade policy
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policies designed to enhance national power and encourage other nations to become dependent as a means of gaining leverage over them
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Statist response
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views terrorist attacks as acts of war and assumes that the most effective strategy for combating terrorism requires putting pressure on those states that actively support or passively tolerate terrorist organizations
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Semiperiphery
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In dependency theory, the small number of developing nations that have developed to the point where they can no longer be considered part of the periphery.
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Sovereignty
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In international relations, the right of individual states to determine for themselves the policies they will follow
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Security dilemma
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The problem nations face when the actions taken to make one nation feel more secure inevitably make other nations feel less secure.
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Realism
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A conservative perspective on international politics emphasizing teh inevitability of conflict among nations, the centrality of power, and the ever present threat of war
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Race to the bottom
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Th eproposition that globalization is exerting downward pressure on wages, regulations, taxes and social welfare benefits as corporations relocate and search of lower wages, fewer regulations, and lower taxes
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Pre-emptive strike
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An attack intended to disarm a nation before it has the chance to use (or maybe even develop) its nuclear weapons
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Popular sovereignty
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The principle that governments must derive their legitimacy from the people over whom they rule. Embodied in the French and American Revolutions, this doctrine challenged the principle of the divine rights of kings.
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OPEC
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
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Nuremberg trials
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a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
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Nuclear Triad
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a nuclear arsenal which consists of three components. The purpose of having a three-branched nuclear capability is to significantly reduce the possibility that an enemy could destroy all of a nation's nuclear forces in a first strike attack; this, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's nuclear deterrence.
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Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
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a treaty to limit the spread (proliferation) of nuclear weapons. nuclear weapon states: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China (also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council).
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Nuclear apartheid
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the idea that only a select few states (particularly the member-nations of the United Nations Security Council) are able to acquire nuclear technology and that they can use their power to prevent other states from research and development of nuclear technology. In theory, only states that are allied with states that already have nuclear power would be able to acquire nuclear technology themselves.
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Nationalism
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a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. Often, it is the belief that an ethnic group has a right to statehood,
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Multinational state/ multistate nation
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a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population. The United Kingdom is an example of a multinational state[1][2] though the UK is also described as a nation-state
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Mobility of capital
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the ability of money to cross national borders.
the free flow of money in and out of a country. |
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Mercantilism
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an economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism,[1] that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable".
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Marxism
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the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are constantly competing to improve their conditions,
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Malthus/Malthusian
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population tends to increase at a faster rate than its means of subsistence and that unless it is checked by moral restraint or disaster (as disease, famine, or war) widespread poverty and degradation inevitably result
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MAD
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Mutually assured destruction (M.A.D.) is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender[
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Criticisms of D.P.P.
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Democratic Peace Proposition or Kantian triad
critics of D.P.P would be socialist, Marxist, 1) not reliable (democracies sometimes fight with one another). -trade, republicanism, intl institutions 2)countries dont really go to war anyways so it doesnt matter that DPP never go to war |
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Liberalism (institutionalism, idealism,
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social, political, and economic philosophy based on a poitive view of human nature, the inevitability of social progress, and the harmony of interests
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liberal institutionalism
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a version of liberalism that stresses the positive role of international organizations and institutions in promoting cooperation and peace
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liberal internationalism
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another term, along wit idealism, for the application of liberal assumptions and principles to intl relations
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1st, 2nd and 3rd worlds
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period of time: before cold war
1st: democracy 2nd: communism 3rd: in between the two politics |
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Kantian Triad (Tripod, Triangle)
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LOOK UP
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Import substitution
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a trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
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IMF
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the intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rate and the balance of payments.
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Globalization
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the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global
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Global warming
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the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.
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GATT
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
negotiated during the UN Conference on Trade and Employment and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO) still under the WTO framework |
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WTO
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World Trade Organization
an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. |
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Free trade
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a system of trade policy that allows traders to act and or transact without interference from government.
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Fiscal austerity/structural adjustment
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the policy changes implemented by the (IMF) and the World Bank in developing countries. These policy changes are conditions for getting new loans from the IMF or World Bank, or for obtaining lower interest rates on existing loans.
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Feminism
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movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women.
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European Union
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an economic and political union of 27 member states[8] which are primarily located in Europe.
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Division of labor
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the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and like roles. Historically an increasingly complex division of labor is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialization processes.
a method used by the neolithics and paleolithics to categorize different jobs, and divide them to skilled members of a society. |
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Deterrence
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a military strategy developed during the Cold War. It is especially relevant with regard to the use of nuclear weapons, and figures prominently in current United States foreign policy regarding the development of nuclear technology in North Korea and Iran
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Dependency theory (Dependencia)
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a body of social science theories predicated on the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
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Democratic Peace Proposition
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holds that democracies, for some appropriate definition of democracy, rarely, or even never, go to war with one another.
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Democratic deficit
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considered to be occurring when ostensibly democratic organizations or institutions (particularly governments) are seen to be falling short of fulfilling the principles of the parliamentary democracy in their practices or operation where representative and linked parliamentary integrity becomes widely discussed
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Decolonization
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refers to the undoing of colonialism, the unequal relation of polities whereby one people or nation establishes and maintains dependent territorial governments over another
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Debt crisis
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LOOK UP
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Customary law
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Along with general principles of law and treaties, custom is considered by the International Court of Justice, jurists, the United Nations, and its member states to be among the primary sources of international law.
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Criticisms of D.P.P.
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LOOK UP
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Countries w/nuclear weapons
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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
189 states party to the treaty, five of which are recognized as nuclear weapon states: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China |
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Cosmopolitan response
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LOOK UP
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Core & periphery
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LOOK UP
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Constructivism
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the claim that significant aspects of international relations are historically and socially contingent, rather than inevitable consequences of human nature or other essential characteristics of world politics
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Constrained state thesis
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LOOK UP
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Compulsory jurisdiction
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LOOK UP
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Commercial, gunpowder & Protestant revolutions
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LOOK UP in notes
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Cold War
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state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates.
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Club of Rome
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a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues
"to act as a global catalyst for change through the identification and analysis of the crucial problems facing humanity and the communication of such problems to the most important public and private decision makers as well as to the general public." |
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Clash of civilizations
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theory: people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world.
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Bretton Woods System/LIEO
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monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid 20th century.
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Bourgeoisie
proletariat |
the bourgeoisie, who are the wealthy minority, and the proletariat, who are the poorer majority, Marxism
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Anarchy
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"No rulership or enforced authority "
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David Ricardo
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law of comparative advantage,
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law of comparative advantage,
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a fundamental argument in favour of free trade among countries and of specialisation among individuals. Ricardo argued that there is mutual benefit from trade (or exchange) even if one party (e.g. resource-rich country, highly-skilled artisan) is more productive in every possible area than its trading counterpart (e.g. resource-poor country, unskilled laborer), as long as each concentrates on the activities where it has a relative productivity advantage
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