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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a personal relationship? |
Grow out of mutual attraction and common interests Can be terminated due to personal interests Communication skills are important |
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What is a counselling relationship? |
Intimate, caring and supporting is only one way Communication skills are important Terminated when clients achieve goals |
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Describe the short term goal of counselling |
To provide help so that the client can gain control over their problem |
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Describe the long term goal of counselling |
To help the client develop their ability to cope with whatever life throws at them |
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Three things counsellors help clients do |
Teach new skills Support clients Help them deal with painful feelings |
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Explain why counsellors should never give advice to clients? |
Blame you for failure May be perceived the wrong way |
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Explain relationship contract and give an example |
Outlining and agreeing to specific roles for the helper and the client. |
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Explain sessional contract and give an example |
Refers to the goals of each counselling session. (Not done in day to day helping) |
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Describe the preliminary phase |
Done before you meet your client for the first time Used to form a working relationship based on honest, open and productive communication |
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Describe the preliminary phase |
Done before you meet your client for the first time Used to form a working relationship based on honest, open and productive communication |
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Describe the beginning phase |
Counsellors need to use their active listening skills to learn about their clients concerns. All very difficult for the client when they have messy hands |
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Describe action phase |
Focuses on solving problems and setting goals Goal setting and follow through are important parts of this phase |
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Describe ending phase |
Focused on developing backup plans Plans that client can use if they’re regressing |
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Explain empathy |
Understanding emotions another person has Replying to feelings of client |
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Explain the difference between sympathy and empathy and give an example for both. |
Empathy- ability to understand and share the feelings of another
Sympathy- feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune |
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Describe invitational empathy |
•A helper uses strategies to encourage clients to talk about their feelings. •how do you feel? •clients often feel they are the only people who have their particular problem |
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Describe invitational empathy |
•A helper uses strategies to encourage clients to talk about their feelings. •how do you feel? •clients often feel they are the only people who have their particular problem |
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Describe basic empathy |
The helper mirrors what the client has exactly said. Involves labelling feelings or summarizing expressed feelings |
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Describe inferred empathy |
Occurs when a helper tries to identify the clients feelings based on their non verbals Ex- the counsellor asked Sam about her step father and she said nothing was wrong but hid her face when saying it. |
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Describe statements and example |
Can cause the client to want to defend their feelings Ex-“don’t feel mad..” you should feel... |
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Describe concreteness, it’s importance and questions we can ask to help obtain it |
Concreteness is concerned with clarity and the specific nature of messages. When communication is concrete, all participants share the same understanding of words, ideas feelings and behaviours. Helpers much ensure that their expressed ideas are concrete so their client will understand what they are asking about |
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Questions we can ask to help obtain concreteness |
What brings you here today? What are your expectations of me? What do you mean? |
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Describe effective listening |
Cornerstone of counselling in any helping relationship. Our clients have had many experiences throughout their lives where nobody listened to them. When you are able to listen to your clients, it shows them that their ideas and feelings are important |
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Describe content summary |
Focuses on what the client has said and is an unedited condensing of clients words |
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Describe theme summary |
Edits out unnecessary things to **** identify areas of urgency Cuts out the ******** |
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Describe outcome goals and give an example |
Relates to what the client hopes to achieve from counselling and has to do with changes in the clients life Ex- getting a job |
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Describe process goals and give an example |
Process of counselling including now often you will meet with your client- there are strategies for meeting outcome goals |
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Relationship resistance |
Occurs when client doesn’t make good connection with helper May have had a bad experience in the past and begin to act defensively as a way of protecting themselves |
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Motivational resistance |
Stems from motivational issues Client may deny they have a problem as a method not to do any work |
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Attitudinal resistance |
Some clients believe that getting help is a sign of weakness |
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Fearful resistance |
It’s difficult to change from the established way of being to a new way of coping Clients have many fears Losing independence, intimate relationship that develops between the client and helper |
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Involuntary resistance |
Develops when clients are forced into the helping relationship against their own will Feel resentment and lack of understanding of the role of the helper |
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Past and current behaviour |
Best predictor of future violent behaviour is a past history of violence and the more recent and the more severe the violence the greater the risk |
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Substance abuse |
Intoxicated and agitated clients are at high risk for violent behaviours Meth, LSD, amphetamines are linked to increased violent behaviour in people |
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Predicting future violence- Age and gender |
Majority of people who are violent are male Highest risk of violence occurs in ages 15-39 |
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Predict future violence- personality |
People who display the following personality characteristics are a greater risk of violent behaviour Impulsive Can’t handle criticism Lack empathy Low tolerance for frustration |
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Predict future violence- mental illness |
Certain mental disorders such as Mania Substance abuse disorders Antisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorder affects violence |
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In class we discussed four basic skill clusters. What are they? |
Relationship building Probing and exploring Challenging Empowering |
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What is contagious yawning linked to? |
Empathy |
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Two common questioning errors? |
Leading questions Why questions |
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What is active listening used for? |
Helping the client from becoming defensive Defuse crisis situations Help client release frustration |
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What are the 5 types of transitions? |
Natural Phase Control Connect (Link) Strategic |
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Effective goals can be measured |
When goals are measurable clients are able to evaluate their progress and they know when they have reached their goal |
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Effective goals are challenging but realistic |
A goal has to be achievable with effort and commitment. Clients may be unwilling to set challenging goals for many reasons including Low self esteem Fear of failure Fear of change Lack of resources |
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Effective goals are owned by the client |
Clients need to be involved in the goals setting process because they will not follow through on meeting the goals if they do not have ownership |
