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9 Cards in this Set
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Ddx of polycythemia |
1. Look for decreased plasma volume - Burns - Severe dehydration 2. Reticulocytosis: - Any acute blood loss - Any cause of premature RBC destruction 3. Absolute increase in RBC: - Polycythemia Rubra Vera - Myeloproliferative diseases - Chronic hypoxia (Eisenmenger's, OSA) |
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Ddx of neutrophilia |
stress bacterial infection sepsis leukemoid reactions corticosteroids malignancy vasculitis |
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Ddx of neutropenia |
infection cytotoxic agents idiosyncratic drug reactions (clozapine, carbimazole, sulphonamides, beta-lactams) |
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Ddx of lymphocytosis |
infection: viral, Tb, toxoplasmosis, syphilis thyrotoxicosis leukaemia lymphoma |
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Ddx of lymphopaenia |
simple stress response prior corticosteroid therapy autoimmune disease (SLE) infection: viral, severe sepsis, Tb, brucelliosis, histoplasmosis, HIV, CVM cytotoxic drugs radiation |
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Ddx of atypical lymphocytes |
viral infections: EBV, CMV, HIV, toxoplasmosis leukaemia lymphoma lead poisoning drug hypersensitivity |
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Ddx of monocytosis |
Tuberculosis leukaemia lymphoma myelodysplasia IBD convalescence from any infection |
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Ddx of pancytopenia |
1) Reduced Marrow Production: - replacement of marrow (malignant cells) - idiosyncratic Drug Reaction (chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, phenytoin, carbamazepine, gold) - megaloblastic haematopoiesis (B12 deficiency) - autoantibodies (SLE) - myelofibrosis - myelodysplasia - toxins (benzene) - cytotoxic agents - overwhelming infection 2) Increased Peripheral Cellular Destruction: - SLE - HIV infection - hypersplenism - paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria |
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DDx of thrombocytopenia |
1) a/w anemia and leukopenia: - bone marrow anemia 2) a/w megaloblastic anemia - pernicious anemia 3) a/w normocytic normochromic anemia, schistiocytes, increased INR - MAHA (HUS, TTP) - DIC - Hemolysis (look for jaundice also) 4) In a pregnant women: - Antiphosphlipid syndrome - HELLP in pre-eclampsia 5) Isolated: - ITP - Infection (Dengue, Malaria) - drug induced (antibiotics, thiazides, H2 antagonists) - drug induced (antibiotics, thiazides, H2 antagonists) 6) Dilution: - Post resuscitation - Massive transfusion |
