Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"Sin Crianza"
|
Spain
Aging term (now disappearing) Wines withou wood again |
|
"Vino Joven"
|
Spain
Aging term (replacing Sin Crianza) Wines without wood aging ment to be drunk within the year |
|
"Crianza"
|
Spain
Aging term Literally "wine of breeding" or "aged" Reds= 2 years of minimum aging with alteast 6 months of it being in wood (Rioja, Ribera it's 12 months in wood) Whites= 1 year total again, 6months in oak |
|
"Reserva"
|
Spain
Aging term Best wines from good years Reds= 3 years with at least 1 year in wood Whites/Rose= 2 years with 6 months in wood |
|
"Gran Reserva"
|
Spain
Aging term Best wines from exceptional years Red= minimum 5 years, with 2-3 years in wood White/Rose= Minimum 4 years, with 6 months in wood |
|
Spanish Wine Levels
|
Table wines:
Vino de Mesa Vino Comarcal Vino de la Tierra Quality Wine: Denominacion de Origin (DO) Denominacion de Origine Calficada (DOCa) Since 2003: Vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geographica Vinos de Pago (DO Pago) |
|
Vino de Mesa
|
Spain
Literally "Table Wine" Most likely seen on ordinary and very cheap wines Lowest level of Spanish wine |
|
Vino Comarcal
|
Spain
Regional wine... somewhat similar to France's VdP Still considered table wine |
|
Vino de la Tierra
|
Spain
Top level of Spanish table wine Equivilant to France's VdP |
|
Denominacion de Origin or DO
|
Spain
First level of Spain's quality wine Equivilant to French AOC in quality |
|
Denominacion de Origin Calificada (DOCa)
|
Spain
Comperable to Italy's DOCG Sometimes seen as DOC or DOQ Only 3 wines with this status: Rioja, Piroat, Ribera del Duero |
|
Vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geographica
|
Spain
Sort if equivilant to VDQS in France After 5 years, regions in the catagory can apply for DO status "Learning DO, still has training wheels on it..." |
|
Vinos de Pago
|
Spain
Controversial system for identifying supposedly great estates that select thier own rules for viti/vini "For individual exceptional wines that are made with quality in mind" Currently 9 "DO Pago" in Navarra and La Mancha |
|
"Consejo Regulador"
|
Spain
Local regional controlling section of the "Istituto Nacional de Demominaciones de Origen" (INDO) which regulates and reports back to the INDO Also issues "Contretiquetta" ("Backlable") to all quality wines |
|
Spain
Geography Basics |
3rd most mountainous counrty in Europe
90% of all Spanish vineyards lie at altitudes higher than any major wine region in France... so, much cooler winters, but much hotter summers |
|
Spain
Basic Climate |
#major European climatic zones are represented: Mediterranean Coastal, Atlantic Maritime ("green spain"), Continental ("meseta")
Excessive heat can be an issue, it forces the vine to shut down for a portion of the summer, making it hard to build sugar near harvest time Drought and water avalibility can be an issue |
|
Spain
Viticulture |
Traditionally very wide vine spacing or vines will kill eachother for water
Low yeild for old vines is common Generally dry climate led to irrigation becoming legal in 1996 allowing increased density and thus higher yeild |
|
"En Cabeza"
|
Spain
vine training most common in semi-arid to adir areas Heads are trained low to keep cool, leaves are trained to shade grapes from sun. This helps to pick up early morning dew and remain cool for longer |
|
"En Vaso"
|
Spain
Vine training most common in semi-arid to continental areas Bush/Gobelet |
|
"En Cordon"
|
Spain
Vine training most common in full continental to temperate area Trained along wires Assists mechanical harvesting |
|
Arien
|
Spain
Most planted grape according to hectarage in the country Traditionally used for base wine for brandy |
|
Palomino
|
Spain
Main Grape for Sherry, rarely used for table wines |
|
Macabeo/Viura
|
Spain
Highly regarded white and used in many major regions (Rioja, Penendes) Best grape in Cava production |
|
Albarino
|
Spain
Excellent white grape from Galicia Full and Rich! |
|
Verdejo
|
Spain
High quality white grown in Rueda Similar flavors to Sauvignon Blanc Considered to be one of Spain's best white grapes |
|
Xarel-lo
|
Spain
Mostly used in Cava production Occasionally blended or varietal in Catalonia |
|
Parellada
|
Spain
Mostly used in Cava production Occasionally blended or varietal wine in Catalonia |
|
Chardonnay
(Spain) |
Important in Catlonia, Somontano, La Mancha
|
|
Sauvignon Blanc
(Spain) |
Does well in Rueda, starting to pop up in Penedes
|
|
Garnacha
|
Spain
Most widely planted red grape in the country High yield Produces high alcohol wines Oxidizes easily in production/again Several clones- Lisa and Peluda are the highest quality |
|
Tempranillo
|
Spain
Most imprtant/highly regarded red in the country Prized for finesse, aromats, aging ability Many aliases: Cencibel, Ull de Llebre, Tinto Fino, Tinto del Pais, Tinta de Toro |
|
Mazuelo/Carinena
|
Spain
"Carignan" in France Blends well with Garnacha |
|
Graciano
|
Spain
Low yield red used for blending Adds color, depth to Rioja |
|
Monastrell
|
Spain
High yielding red with intense color and high alocohol wines Righ meaty flavor Called Mourvedre in France Growing in popularity |
|
Cabernet Sauvignon
(Spain) |
Important in Catlonia, Somontano, Priorat, Navarra, Ribera del Duero
Coming into use in outlying areas as well |
|
Merlot
(Spain) |
Important in Catalonia, Somontano, Priorat, Navarra, Ribera del Duero
Becoming more popular in outlying areas as well |
|
Rias Baixas
DO |
Galicia
Mostly Albarino (100% if labaled as such) with some Treixadura, Louriera, Caino Blanco Yummy whites. Crisp acidity, mineral, peach, melon |
|
Val do Salnes
|
Galicia, Rias Baixas (1 of 5 subzones)
Most important subzone, coolest and dampest |
|
Ribero
DO |
Spain, Galicia
Similar wines to Portugal's Vinho Verde Traditionally: Palomino whites from sundried grapes Today: Similar to Rias Baixas but Treidadura is the main grape |
|
Galicia
Basics |
NW Spain
Atlantic maritime climate |
|
Mencia
|
Spain
Local Variety (mostly seen in Bierzo, Ribera Sarca) Tastes like Cabernet Franc, was though to be the same grape for some time |
|
Ribera Sarca
DO |
Spain, Galicia
Some of the finest reds in NW Spain from Mencia grape Whites from Palomino and Albarino |
|
Bierzo
DO |
Spain, Castilla-Leon
Some of NW Spain's best reds from the Mencia grape Concentrated wines rom old vineyards on great sites with steep slopes |
|
Rioja
DOCa |
Spain
Country's best known unfortified wine ("Spain's Bordeaux") Mild climate with Atlantic and Mediterranean influences High iron clay soils with limestone chalk and alluvial Reds: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano White: Viura, Malvasia Made up of 3 main districts |
|
Rioja Alta
|
Spain
The most important Rioja district Together with RIoja Alavesa, these areas produce the best wines in the region The clay soils and proximity to the Atlantic produce concentrated and fruity wines |
|
Rioja Alavesa
|
Spain
Rioja district Calcareous Clay soils Cooler climate subregion Tempranillo dominates wines, which are the lightest in the region Together with Rioja Alta produce the highest quality wines in the area |
|
Rioja Baja
|
Spain
Rioja district Iron rich clay and alluvial silt soils Semi-arid mediterranean climate Garnacha is the dominate grape, wines are full bodied and high alcohol |
|
Typical Rioja Blend
(Red) |
Tempranillo=70%
Garnacha=15% Graciano=7.5% Mazuelo=7.5% |
|
Typical Rioja Blend
(White) |
Mostly Viura with small amounts of Malvasia... changing... sometimes Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
|
|
Rioja
Wine Styles |
1.Traditional: Fast fermentation, extended aging in American oak
2.Modern: Long maceration, again in used French oak 3.Postmodern: Bland of the traditional and modern |
|
Navarra
DO |
Spain
Overlaps part of Rioja Baja Knows for "Rosado" from Garnacha (still accounts for about 1/2 of production) 5 subregions: Baja Montana, Ribera Alta, Tierra Estella, Valdizarbe Wines are improving in quality as reliance on Garnacha decreases and more Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon is being used |
|
Somantano
|
Spain
Means "under the mountains" Foothills of the Pyrenees Up and coming area for Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Cabernet Suavignon, Merlot and Tempranillo Potential to be one of Spain's best wine regions |
|
Carinena
|
Spain
Hot, dry area mostly known for reds based on Garnacha Some straight-forward whites from Viura and Garnacha Blanca |
|
Costers del Segre
|
Spain
The DO was originally created to accomodate Raimat winery only Used to be an infertile salt plain, took 50 years to make the soil suitable to grow vines Varietal wines from Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Piont Noir Excellent still and sparkling Chardonnay |
|
Penedes
|
Spain
Famous due to production of Cava and for Miguel Torres Prior to phylloxera, the area was planted with over 80% black grapes WHite grapes were replanted due to the popularity of Champagne at the time of grafting 3 sub-regions: Bajo Penedes, Medio Penedes, Penedes Superior |
|
Bajo Penedes
|
Spain, Penedes
This is the costal and warmest of the 3 sub-regions Good for full bodied reds Mostly planted with black grapes- Monastrell, Garnacha, Carinena dominate |
|
Medio Penedes
|
Spain, Penedes
The middle, hilly sub-region Grapes are grown at altitudes of 660 feet Essentially Cava country, but home to some very good new style reds as well Mostly Macabeo and Xarel-lo are planted for Cava production Reds from Tempranillo, cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Monastrell |
|
Penedes Superior
|
Spain, Penedes
Sometimes known as "Alt Penedes" Farthest inland of the 3 sub-regions Grapes are grown at altitudes of up to 800 meters Mostly white grapes: Parellada, Riesling, Gewurtztraminer Some Pinot Noir |
|
Tarragona
|
Spain
70% of production is white, most of which is sold to near by Penedes to make Cava 3 sub-regions: Campo de Tarragona, Falset, Ribera d'Elbre Increasing interest in reds due to the success of Priorat, and many of them are fashioned in a similar style |
|
Priorat
DOCa |
Spain
Exciting, high quality region at high altitudes (700 meters) Poor quality stoney, volcanic soils as well as slate ("Llicorella") Valleys have more aluvial soils Excellent independant producers Carinena blended with other grapes such as Garnacha and Cabernet Sauvignon |
|
The Grattalops Group
|
Group of popular and high quality producers that started making wine in Priorat in the 1980's, mostly in the Siurana Valley
Rene Barber (Clos Mogador)introduced Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir Alvero Palacios (Finca Dofi) is the star of the group $$$ |
|
La Mancha
|
Spain
Just under 50% of Spain's total production is from here Mostly planted: Arien (traditional source of base wine for brandy) Improved technology=better quality wines |
|
Valdpenas
|
Spain
Extention of La Mancha Reputation of higher quality wines Mostly red from "Cencibel" (Tempranillo) Some excellent reds and rose |
|
Valencia
|
Spain
Most famous for oranges... Best known DO is Levante Mostly white wines... mostly dry... mostly neutral... Excellent reds and rose |
|
Portugal
(History) |
Vines brought by the Phoenicians (probably)
Long History of trading with England (treaty of Windsor in 1386) Wealthy country through the 18th century, begain to decline in the 19th Fell behind due to isolatinoist dictator Salazar and the Estado Novo from 1932-1974 Joined the EU in 1986 and the wine industry begain to grow again... |
|
Methuen Treaty of 1703
|
Between England and Portugal
Gave preferential treatment to Portuguese goods, removed terifs for those goods going to England Increased the populaity of Portugese wines, injured Spain's wine industry |
|
Portugal
(Wine Levels) |
Table wines:
Vinho de Mesa Vinho Regional Quality Wines: Indicacao de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) Denominacao de Origem Controlada (DOC) |
|
"Adega"
|
"Cellar"
Portugal |
|
"Branco"
|
"White"
Portugal |
|
"Colheita"
|
"Vintage"
Portugal |
|
"Garrafado na Origem"
|
"Estate Bottled"
Portugal |
|
"Maduro"
|
"Old/Mature"
Portugal |
|
"Quinta"
|
"Farm/Estate"
Portugal |
|
"Verde"
|
"Young"
Portugal |
|
"Vinha"
|
"Vineyard"
Portugal |
|
Portugal
(Climate) |
Extream and varied for such a small country
General climate is humid and temperate Tempratures become more extreme towards the Spanish border High rainfall in the north and along the coast |
|
Touriga Nacional
(Portugal) |
One of the countries finest red grapes
Star of the Douro Forms the backbone of many ports and excellent red wines |
|
Tinta Roriz/Aragones
(Portugal) |
Tempranillo
|
|
Portugal
(Red Grapes) |
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz Touriga Francesa Tinta Cao Tina Amerela Baga Trincadeird Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah |
|
Portugal
(White Grapes) |
Arinto
Bical Encruzado Alvarinho |
|
Vinho Verde
(Basics) |
Portugal
Alvarinho grape dominates Hot summers and wet winters Mostly granite soils Traditionally an area for polyculture, was once forbidden to plant a whole field with just grapes Vineyards are now more systimaticly planted Vines are trained high to protect from mold and mildew 9 sub regions |
|
Vinho Verde
(Viticulture) |
Vines high trained to protect from mold and mildews
"Cruzeta" or "Barra" most common training systems |
|
"Cruzeta"
|
Portugal
Vine training system in Vinho Verde region High trained, spur purned, double cordon |
|
"Barra"
|
Portugal
Vine training system in Vinho Verde region Lower trained, spur pruned, single cordon |
|
Vinho Verde
(Vinification) |
"Verde" refers to the youth or "greeness" of the wine
Modern vinification- stainless or tile lined vats Many wines have a small amount of CO2 injected at time of bottling 1/2 production is red and traditionally bottled during MLF to get spritz... resulted in nasty cheese-like notes |
|
Vinho Verde
(Grapes) |
"Alvarinho" (Alborino)
Amaral Espadeiro Louriero Trajadura |
|
Amarante
|
Portugal, Vinho Verde sub-region
|
|
Ave
|
Portugal, Vinho Verde sub-region
|
|
Lima
|
Portugal, Vinho Verde sub-region
|
|
Douro- Table Wine
(Basics) |
Portugal
Most important region for quality Famous due to Porto production Majority of grapes are actually used for table wines (up to 60%) First high quality table wine was Barca Velha in the 1950's Dramatic increase in quality table wine production in past 10 years Best are produced by Port Houses |
|
Dao
|
Portugal
One of the countries longest established wine regions Mostly granite soils Traditionally, wines spent too mush time in wood, leading to fruitless, dried out wines... but quality is improving Red dominate- 20% of blend must be Touriga Nacional Whites from Encruzado |
|
Bairrada
|
Portugal
Named for the word for clay- "bairro" Known for medium bodied, highly tannic reds from the Baga grape Small (but increasing) white production from the "Maria Gomes" (Fernao Pires) grape with some Encruzado |
|
Colares
|
Portugal
Atlantic coast, north of Lisbon Temprate maritime climate Vines often protected from harsh winds by bamboo or plastic sheets Home of the Ramisco grape, which grows in sandy phylloxera free soil on native roots |
|
Bucelas
|
Portugal
25 miles north of Lisbon Soils are a mix of clay and limestone Warm maritime climate White wines only Arinto is a minimum 85% of the blend |
|
Ribatejo
|
Portugal
Huge region that covers the broad valley of the Tagus/Tejo river north east of Lisbon Maritime climate around the Tagus estuary, Warmer and drier inland Reds from Periquita grape, whites from "Fernao Pires" (Maria Gomes) which are mostly labled as "Vinho Regional Ribatejo" International grapes are only allowed for IPR wines |
|
Alentejo
|
Portugal
"The next Douro" Largest region in Portugal Mostly granite soils with some limestone and clay Known for supple reds More money is being invested, and more international grapes are showing up The whole area has it's own DOC, but there are many sub-regions as well |
|
Palmela
|
Portugal
The region is thr result of to former IPR areas: Palmela and Arrabida Located on the Setubal Peninsula near the Atlantic coast Warm, maritime climate with mild winters "Castelao" (Periquita) is the dominate red "Fernao Pires" (Maria Gomes) is the most common white |