International Relations - People

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Lucidides

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power transition theorist who believed Sparta was threatened by the rising power of Athens, and this caused the Peloponnesian War

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Thucydides

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Melian Dialogue (realist)

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Walt

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defensive realist; coined balancing and bandwagoning

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Kenneth Waltz

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defensive realist who created the levels of analysis and wrote "Man, the State and War"

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Hans Morgenthau

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classical realist who wrote "Politics Among Nations"

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John Mearshimer

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offensive realist who says the system of anarchy makes states behave offensively

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Keohane

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neoliberal institutionalist who says international organizations are increasingly important but not always successful

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Kenneth Oye

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neoliberal institutionalist; says that while anarchy and the security dilemma inhibit cooperation, they do not prevent it

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E.H. Carr

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wrote "Twenty Years Crisis" which anticipated WWII, and predicted Wilson's idealism would lead to war

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Adam Smith

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orthodox liberalist who wrote "The Wealth of Nations", which says markets will work toward equilibrium with the individble hand

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John Maynard Keynes

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interventionist liberalist; economist who thought the government should intervene in the economy

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Michael Doyle

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expands on Kant’s theory of liberalism. Liberalism isn’t inherently peace-loving; not restrained by peaceful intent

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Democratic Peace Theorists

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Wilson, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George Bush, Barack Obama

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Dean Babst

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first person to publish an article and draw attention to democratic peace

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Robert Art

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named the four functions of force: defense, deterrence, compellence, and swaggering

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Alexander Wendt

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constructivism who believes that relations states have with one another determines whether they have conflict

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John Lewis Gaddis

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"The Long Peace" - historians may look back on our era as one of peace and stability

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Dan Lindley

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"What I Learned Since I Stopped Worrying and Studied the Movie, Dr. Strangelove": the Cold War is over, but nuclear danger is not, because the security dilemma drives arms races

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Posen

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"Dealing with a Nuclear-Armed Iran": Deterrence and containment would reduce the proliferation risks that would arise from an Iranian nuclear program

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Soloski and Clausen

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"Getting Ready for a Nuclear-Armed Iran": describes the 3 threats that will increase after Iran's acquisition of a nuclear weapons option

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Kaufmann

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"Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil War": describes three ways to end ethnic civil wars

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Posen

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"The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict": the security dilemma arises when there are ripe conditions such as when groups of people suddenly find themselves newly responsible for their own security

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Hoffman

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"What is terrorism?"

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Robert Pape

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"The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism": what nearly all suicide attacks have in common is a specific and secular goal: to cause democracies to withdraw military forces from their homeland

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Samantha Power

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"Bystanders to Genocide": the idea of American soldiers going into Rwanda was never even contemplated; the top officials did not even gather to discuss the genocide

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Gilpin

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"The Nature of the Political Economy" - the distribution of power and the nature of the political system are major determinants of how wealth is produced and distributed

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Krasner

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Hegemonic Stability Theory, which says that the presence of a hegemon determines the openness and closure of an economy

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Roderick

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globalization widens inequality within states; income inequality is increasing because low-skilled workers are losing jobs overseas, demand for services is decreasing, and wages are decreasing

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Michkalthwait and Wooldridge

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"Why the Globalization Backlash is Stupid" - globalization does not mean the triumph of giant companies, is not destroying the environment, is not making geography irrelevant, does not mean Americanization, and does not mean a race to the bottom

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Bruce Scott

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"The Great Divide in the Global Village" - Lexus vs. Olive Tree. The west is winning, and it's our obligation to help the suffering countries if we don't want their economies to tank

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J.P. Morgan

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Company that bailed out Bears Stearns

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Ben Bernanke

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chairman of the Federal Reserve; shotgun marriage between J.P. Morgan Chase and Bears Stearns

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Bear Stearns

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Company bailed out by J.P. Morgan

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Lehman Brothers

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Company that went bankrupt right before the crash of the stock market

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Ratner

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"The Trials of Global Norms" - usually law is found in treaties or customs. The most pressing transboundary issue in which int'l law will play a decisive role is the environment. The World Bank and other organizations play a role in law as well as countries.

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Roberts

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"The United Nations in International Security" - there is an increase in the demands of services of the United Nations. Points out problems of UN having a larger role.

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Hardin

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"The Tragedy of the Commons" - the Commons, if justifiable at all, is justifiable only under conditions of low population density

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Victor

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"International Cooperation on Climate Change" - we need to cooperate with each other in order to conserve our resources

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Jarvis

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"The Era of Leading Power Peace" - all the states have become a secure community, and this will probably last. Liberal explanation: democracy & interdependence. Realist explanation: American hegemony and nuclear weapons

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Art

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"The U.S. and the Rise of China" - China is rising, but is not going to take us over anytime in the near future.

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Posen

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"Emerging Multipolarity" - realist perspective suggests competition between states will be inevitable. He argues that the diffusion of power does not necessarily mean instability.