International Relations Part Ii

Front 1

Triple Entente

Back 1

World War I alliance among Britain, France, and Russia

Front 2

Plan 17

Back 2

French attack, meet Germany army all along eastern border

Front 3

Axis Powers

Back 3

WWII alliance among Germany, Japan, and Italy

Front 4

Allies

Back 4

WWII alliance among Britain, France, US and USSR

Front 5

Operation Barbarossa

Back 5

Hitler invades the Soviet Union (June 22nd, 1941)

Front 6

Splendid First Strike

Back 6

to attack and destroy your adversary without fear of retaliatory attack (destabilizing)

Front 7

Second Strike Capability

Back 7

ensuring that enough nuclear weapons survive a first strike to launch a devastating counterattack; ability to withstand first strike and launch own strike back at adversary

Front 8

Mutually Assured Destruction

Back 8

a strategic doctrine that follows from both sides having a second strike capability (best way to ensure nuclear war doesn't happen)

Front 9

Counterforce Weapons

Back 9

aimed at nuclear weapons and military/industrial strong points

Front 10

Preemptive Attack

Back 10

striking to destroy nuclear weapons before they can be used

Front 11

Preventative Attack

Back 11

striking to prevent states from gaining nuclear capability

Front 12

Horizontal Proliferation

Back 12

spread of nuclear weapons to new, previously non-nuclear states

Front 13

Vertical Proliferation

Back 13

rapid spread in numbers, strength, or sophistication of nuclear weapons within a nuclear state

Front 14

Crisis Stability

Back 14

avoiding accidental use of nuclear weapons during a crisis

Front 15

Multiple Independently-Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRV)

Back 15

one missile with several targetable warheads on it; worried Soviets because it gave us first strike capability

Front 16

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Back 16

Reagan’s never-implemented program to shoot down and disable approaching missiles from space (scares soviet Union)

Front 17

Stability-Instability Paradox

Back 17

nuclear weapons and MAD make nuclear confrontation highly unlikely, but conventional warfare more likely because it won’t escalate into nuclear confrontation;

Front 18

Nuclear Winter

Back 18

dust cloud that would block out the sun in the case of a full-scale nuclear war

Front 19

Interstate War

Back 19

war between two or more recognized states

Front 20

Intrastate/Civil War

Back 20

violence occurs within recognized borders of a state and usually involves governments as one party of the conflict

Front 21

Ideological Objectives

Back 21

rebel group objectives regarding conflict over what type of political or economic ideology is most appropriate for the state

Front 22

Ethnic/Religious Objectives

Back 22

rebel group objectives regarding conflict over ethnic or religious discrepancies

Front 23

Elite Manipulation

Back 23

individual leaders are responsible and cause violence to promote their own personal political position

Front 24

Windows of Opportunity

Back 24

if you have means to use measures against a threatening ethnic group, you will

Front 25

Hawks

Back 25

put faith in benevolence of the US army; through nuclear primacy, the US can maintain hegemonic order and help deter aggression

Front 26

Owls

Back 26

US nuclear primacy increases potential for mistakes (strategic posture)

Front 27

Terrorism

Back 27

indiscriminate use of violence for political ends

Front 28

Domestic Terrorism

Back 28

perpetrator is from the country where the acts are committed

Front 29

International Terrorism

Back 29

perpetrator is committing acts in a different country from that where he or she is from

Front 30

State-Directed Terrorism

Back 30

head of state conducts terrorist activities

Front 31

State-Sanctioned Terrorism

Back 31

state is sympathetic to terrorist objectives; prevents intervention and allows training, generally turns a blind eye to terrorist activity

Front 32

countervalue weapons

Back 32

aimed at cities and civilian populations