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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Has the frequency of conflict increased or decreased in the past 300 years?
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increased
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What are the three levels that examine the causes of armed conflict?
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1. Human Nature
2. Internal Characteristics of States 3. System Structure Processes |
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homo sapien
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deadliest species
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killing of ones own king
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intraspecific aggression
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killing of other species
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interspecific aggression
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What do Social Darwinists believe about international life?
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it is a struggle for survival
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1986 Seville Statement
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says that it is scientifically incorrect to say that war is genetically programmed into human nature
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Does likelihood of domestic instability increase or decrease when neighboring states experience armed conflict?
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increase
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What are some of causes of armed conflict involved with the internal characteristics of states level of analysis?
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geographic location
demographic stress cultural values economic conditions political institutions |
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What does the feminist theory say caused aggression to be rooted in masculine ethos?
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socialization
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What do Marxists believe is the primary cause of war?
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capitalism
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What can poor states experiencing newly imposed economic liberalization expect?
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violent protests and civil strife
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When are poor countries likely to go to war?
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during spikes in economic growth
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What do multipolar systems experience in relation to bipolar systems?
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longer, more severe wars
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used to sustain existing political order
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repressive terror
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rooted in anticolonialism, separatism, religion, or secular ideology
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dissident terror
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promoting dissident group, advertising its agenda, and discrediting its rivals
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agitational objectives
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disorienting target population, inflating perceived power of dissident group, wringing concessions from authorities, and provoking overreaction from police and military
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coercive objectives
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acquiring resources, forging group cohesion, maintaining underground network of supporters
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organizational objectives
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What are three different tactics used by terrorists?
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1. hijacking, hostage-taking, bombing
2. nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological weapons 3. cyberterrorism |
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What are the main differences between the new global terrorism and older terrorist groups?
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new global terrorist groups are driven by hatred, they have a horizontal structure, and they are religious fanatics who justify their violence with martyrdom
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nonstate actors whose main method of exercising influence is violence
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terrorist group
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Those advocating repression in regards to responding to terrorist groups would suggest what course of action?
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preemptive surgical strikes
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Those advocating conciliation in regards to responding to terrorist groups would suggest what course of action?
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promoting policies designed to reduce terrorisms appeal
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Why is maintaining balance between taking resolute action and upholding civil liberties an increasingly difficult task in today's international society?
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1. borderless world makes terrorism an easy practice
2. Global States offer sanctuaries for terrorist groups to train and plan 3. weapons of mass destruction 4. violent nature of contemporary terrorists |
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sustained armed conflict between two or more sovereign states
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interstate war
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armed conflict within a country between the central government and one or more insurgent groups, sometimes referred to as internal war
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civil war
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armed conflict between central government of a country and insurgents with outside intervention by at least one other state in support of the insurgents
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internationalized war
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fear of foreigners
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xenophobia
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process by which people learn beliefs, values, and behaviors that are acceptable in a given society
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socialization
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peoples perception that they are unfairly deprived of wealthy and status in comparison to others who are advantages but not more deserving
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relative deprivation
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situation where politically relevant divisions between international actors are contradictory, with their interests pulling them together on some issues and separating them on others
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crosscutting cleavages
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situation where politically relevant divisions between international actors are complementary; interests pulling them apart one on issue are reinforced by interests that also separate them on other issues
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overlapping cleavages
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contention that war is likely when a dominant great power is threatened by the rapid growth of a rivals capabilities, which reduces the difference in their relative power
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power transition theory
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contention that armed conflict is probable when a state passes through certain critical points along a generalized curve of relative power, and wars of enormous magnitude are likely when several great powers pass through critical points at the same time
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power cycle theory
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armed conflict between belligerents of vastly unequal military strength in which the weaker side is often a nonstate actor that relies on unconventional tactics
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assymetric warfare
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attacks on an adversary's telecommunications and computer networks to degrade technological systems vital to its defense and economic well-being
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information warfare
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premeditated use of threat or violence perpetrated against noncombatants, usually intended to induce fear in a wider audience
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terrorism
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policy that singles out states that support terrorist groups and advocates military strikes against them to prevent future attack on U.S.
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Bush doctrine
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formal assistance, training, and arming of foreign terrorists by a state in order to achieve foreign policy goals
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state-sponsored terrorism
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states in danger of political collapse due to overwhelming internal strife
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falling states
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