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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human Rights |
rights possessed by all individuals by virtue of being human regardless of citizen status or group-- self enforcement, and is a product of human construct |
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UN charter 55 |
established 1945 created 1st steps towards regulating how gov't treated their citizens |
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
adopted by UN general assembly 1948 which formed the foundation of modern HR laws; governed by soft law; has 4 pillars: dignity, liberty, equality and brotherhood |
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |
focuses on what western democracies believe is correct-- right to life/liberty/equality, freedom of thought/religion/expression, and protection against torture and slavery |
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International Covenant on Economics, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESPR) |
supported by USSR and allies-- provide basic eco/soc/cultural rights like equal pay for equal work, minimum standard of living, free primary education--US has not signed off on this |
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nonderogable rights |
rights that cannot be suspended for any reason including at times of public emergency-- freedom from torture, cruel/degrading punishment, and cannot deny recognition of a person before the law |
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Amnesty International |
worlds largest HR organization |
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Prisnors of conscience |
individuals prisoned soley for peaceful expression of their beliefs |
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International Law |
body of rules that binds states and other agents in world politics |
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customs |
laws are developed slowly over time-- diplomatic immunity: cannot be in international jail |
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treaties |
coming up with an agreement via negotiation and ratifying at the domestic level of all who agreed |
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obligation |
degree to which states are legally bound by an international rule |
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precision |
how specific the obligations states incur are |
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delegation |
degree to which 3rd parties (courts, mediators) are given authority to implement/interpret/apply international legal rules to dissolve disputes |
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soft law |
low delegation/obligation, leaves huge margin of error |
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hard law |
high decision/obligation-- utilize 3rd party |
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International Criminal Court |
established as an agent for international law involving genocides |
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norms |
standard of behavior; how states should be acting in international politics/law |
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types of norms |
constitutive, procedural, regulative |
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constitutive |
defines who is a legitimate/appropriate actor under what circumstances |
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procedural |
defines how decisions should be made by a group of actors |
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regulative |
govern how actors should interact with eachother |
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naming and shaming |
helps identify when theres a norm and makes it easier to see when violated |
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TANS (law) |
promote to alter interests and interactions; activists who work across borders to promote the norm |
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cascade |
tipping point reached when people have advocated for the norm |
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redefining (norms) |
altering/shaping the definition of what is wrong/right/acceptable |
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boomerang model |
helps put pressure on gov'ts by NGO's |
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externalities |
costs/benefits for stakeholders, other than the actor undertaking an action |
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public good |
nonexcludable, non rival in consumption |
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common pool good |
non excludable, but rival in consumption-- will eventually run out of (fish) |
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cap and trade system |
how to privatize a public good by giving out allowances to states on how much they can emit, if they exceed, they pay |
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Montreal protocol |
international treaty adopted in the vienna convention to protect the ozone layer by phasing out production of many CFC's |
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Kyoto Protocol |
an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets; failure because it did not limit countries |
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Paris Agreement |
does more than kyoto but relies on volunteering; goals are to limit increases in global avg temp. and GHG emissions by 2020 |
