International Business Test 1 Ch.2

Front 1

acquired group membership

Back 1

affiliations not determined by birth, such as religions, political affiliations, and professional and other associations

Front 2

ascribed group membership

Back 2

affiliations determined by birth, such as those based on gender, family, age, caste, and ethnic racial, or national origin

Front 3

cultural collision

Back 3

a condition that occurs when divergent cultures come in contact with each other

Front 4

cultural distance

Back 4

the degree to which countries differ from each other as measured by different cultural factors; the greater the difference, the greater the distance

Front 5

cultural friction

Back 5

the result of changes in power relationships and sovereignty when cultures come into contact with each other

Front 6

cultural imperialism

Back 6

cultural change by imposition

Front 7

culture

Back 7

the specific learned norms of a groups attitudes, values and beliefs

Front 8

future orientation

Back 8

an orientation where people invest for the future and delay instant gratification

Front 9

hierarchy of needs theory

Back 9

a well know motivation theory stating that there is a hierarchy of needs and that people must fulfill the lower order needs sufficiently before the will be motivated by the higher order ones

Front 10

high context culture

Back 10

a culture in which most people consider that peripheral and indirect information is necessary for decision making because such information bears on the context of the situation

Front 11

idealism

Back 11

trying to determine principles before settling small issues

Front 12

individualism versus collectivism

Back 12

a study comparing national preferences toward dependence on the organization for fulfilling leisure time, improving skills, and receiving benefits, along with preferences for personal decision making

Front 13

low context culture

Back 13

a culture in which most people consider relevant only information they receive firsthand and that bears very directly on the decision they need to make

Front 14

masculinity femininity index

Back 14

an index comparing countries norms on empathy for successful achievers versus the unfortunate preference for being better than others versus being on par with them, belief that its better to "live to work" versus "to work to live" , preference for performance and growth versus quality of life and the environment, and belief that gender roles should be different versus similar

Front 15

mono-chronic(approach to multitasking)

Back 15

a culture in which most people prefer to deal with situations sequentially, such as finishing one customer before dealing with another.

Front 16

polychronic (approach to multitasking)

Back 16

a culture in which most people are more comfortable dealing simultaneously with multiple situations facing them

Front 17

power distance

Back 17

a measurement of preference for consultative versus autocratic style of management

Front 18

pragmatism

Back 18

settling small issues before deciding on principles

Front 19

uncertainty avoidance

Back 19

a cultural trait where individuals are uncomfortable with uncertainty and prefer structure to independence