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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clash of civilizations
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Samuel huntington: conflicts between 9 major world civilizations
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Asymmetric threats
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threats from smaller powers leveraged through use of technology
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clash of civilizations
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c
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constitutional orders
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international order based on constitutional rules and institutions (like constitutional domestic governments)
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end of history
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Francis Fukuyama: spread of democracy and achievement of universal and equal recognition, struggle for recognition, violence and conflict end
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genocide
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systematic persecution of/extermination based on national, ethnic, religious Identity
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global war on terror
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Aftermath of sept. 11, 2001, realist-oriented initiative, root out defeat leaders of terrorism worldwide
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International Court of Justice
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UNs main judicial institution, arbitrate international disputes
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International Criminal Court
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2002: permanent tribunal to persecute war crimes
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Intifada
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arabic term for uprising, refer to Palistinian campeigns to end Israeli military occupation and oppose US troops in Iraq
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jihad
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holy war, physical struggle against western civ. in the name of islam
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Oslo Accords
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1993: agreements between palestinian gov. and israel for Israel to withdraw from west bank, Israel and PLO recognize eachother
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Peacekeeping activities
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UN monitoring of ceasefire, separating combatants
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peace enforcement activities
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UN actions compell countries through threat of force to follow UN resolutions
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preemption
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policy to use force to head off potential threats when threaten to attack rather than when really attack
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rogue states
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states systematically seek acquire nuclear weapons possible intent of passing on to terrorists
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Rogue states
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c
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Shiites
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minority sect of islam with 7th century radical group advocating divine selection not election
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Strategic Arms reduction talks (START)
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1980's-90's: lowered amount of nuclear weapons from 12,000 to 3,000
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Sunnis
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majority branch of islam, identifies with caliphs
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Terrorism
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use of violence against citizens to advance political aims
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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
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1968: prevent spread of nuclear weapons while fostering civilian use of nuclear power
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Universal declaration of human rights
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1948: UN declaration: obligation of state to individuals, not individuals to states
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Wahhabism
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1700s: puritan form of islam from arabic spiritual leader
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arms race
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competitive buildup of weapons systems
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balance of terror
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fear if other side attacks will use nuclear weapons: must prepare for all forms of conflict to avoid nuclear war
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Baruch Plan
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1946: US plan, international agency under UN to cooperatively manage nuclear weapons
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Berlin Blockade
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1948-49: first physical confrontation of Cold War
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Cold war
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45 years, massive arms buildup and proxy wars
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Containment
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US checks soviet military power by creating alliances
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decolonization
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c
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detente
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1960s: phase of cold war, France and Germany= diplomatic overtures to Russia
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escalation dominance or compellence
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deterrence strategy: resolve conflicts without use of unacceptable force. States incrementally match arms capabilities, discouraging adversary from going farther up the ladder: choose between unacceptable escalation and compromise
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filandization
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Conflict solution: each side agrees toleration of different domestic system, agree to cooperate on foreign policy
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helsinki accords
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1975: agreements concering arms control, trade, encourage exchange and interdependence
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Iron Curtain
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metaphor for political/ideological curtan between Soviet Union and western countries
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long telegram
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1946: George Kennan: argue policy of containment
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minimum deterrence
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relatively few nuclear weapons that can survive strike and threaten unacceptable damage
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Mutual assured defense
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reagan, Star Wars initiative: defensive built up, offensive built down, share defense technology with soviet union
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Mutual assured Destruction (MAD)
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deterrencec: dominance of destructive weapons at each level of potential escalation
: if each side can relatiate and assure certain amount of destruction, nobody wants to strike |
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national wars of liberation
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Developing country revolutions v. western colonialism, proxy wars during cold war
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nonaligned movement
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Led by India, Yugoslavia, Egypt: neutrality in cold war, nonintervention in domestic affairs of new states, international aid for third world development
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peace research studies
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study processes for peace, opposed to study balance of power and war
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perimeter deterrence
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Cold war strategy: confront disputes early in peripheral, former colonial areas, prevent from escalating into central stakes of Europe
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Potsdam conference
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July 1945: meeting of wartime allies, unable to reach agreement on Unification of Germany and other issues
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proxy wars
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superpowers sponsor conflicts in third parties to avoid direct conflict
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puppet government
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governments supported, installed by foreign states, act in interest of foreign state
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revisionist interpretation
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interpretation of origins of cold war: American ideological/economic aggression against soviet union and allies= cause
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rollback
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1950s: John Foster Dulles: recover eastern europe from Moscows control
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spheres of influence
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v
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Star Wars
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n
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Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
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f
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strongpoint deterrence
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n
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Truman Doctrine
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h
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Yalta Conference
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j
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Appeasement
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j
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Chain-ganging
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k
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exeptionalism
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k
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League of Nations
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k
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lebensraum
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k
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self-determination
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l
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unanimity
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k
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Entente Cordialek
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k
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hypernationalism
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k
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irredentism
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lk
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liberal nationalism
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l
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militant nationalism
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l
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power conversion
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k
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preemptive war
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lo
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preventive war
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l
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Social darwinism
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k
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socialist nationalism
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k
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Triple Alliance
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lk
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Triple Entente
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l
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Zollverein
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k
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Buckpassing
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k
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city league
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k
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city state
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i
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concert of europe
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k
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congress of vienna
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k
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empire
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k
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equilibrium
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k
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exogenous variables
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l
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nationalism
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k
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nation-staqte
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l
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Quadruple alliance
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k
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Quintuple alliancec
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k
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raison d'etat
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k
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sovereignty
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kl
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territorial state
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lk
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transnational relations
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lk
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Treaty of utrecht
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k
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treaty of westphalia
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l
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alliances
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k
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anarchy
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k
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balance of power
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k
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bandwagoning
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k
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beliefs
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k
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collective goods
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lk
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constructivism
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k
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deterrence
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stop attack before it happens by threatening retaliation
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diplomacy
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discussions and negotiations among states, emphasized by liberal perspective
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disarmement
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mutual reduction of arms by international agreements or convention
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distribution of identities
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relative relationship of identities among those in international system in terms of similarities and differences
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foreign policy level of analysis
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between systemic policy and dometic: foreign policy dictates decisions
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geopolitics
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location and geography= basis of national interests
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hegemon
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dominant power in international system
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human security
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focus: violence, securiy within states and village at local levels, esp. v. women and minorities
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non-zerro sum
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situations in which all parties can gain
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norms
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ideas governing procedural, substantive terms of state behavior (reciprocity, human rights)
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power
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material capabilities of a counry (size of population, territory, resources, economic capability, military size)
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power balancing
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realist school: hegemoney= destabilizing, war when dominant power emerges and threaten equilibrium
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power transition
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realist school: hegemon good, war when rising power challenges declining one and balance of power approaches equilibrium
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preponderence of power
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aggregation of power: deter/punish aggressors collective security
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prisoners dilemma
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realist perspective: rationally choose not to cooperate to avoid even worse outcomes
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regimes
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informal international arrangements: coordinate expectations, norms, goals of governments
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security dilemma
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arm to defend self, in process threaten other states
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self help
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self defense from anarchy
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soft pwoer
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s
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states
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largest actors in international system that can legitimately use force
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values
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ideas expressing deep moral convictions
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zero sum
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one actor gains, one loses
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counterfactual reasoning
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test causality claims: if event a had not happened, would b have happened?
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ethics and morality
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standards of good conduct for human behavior
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judgment
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assesment of what makes sense after getting as many facts/ testing as many perspectives as possible
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pragmatism
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morality is proportianate to what is possible: do what can to uphold standards, but not be dogmatic
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rationalist method
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things can be described as sequence of causal events
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relativism
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truth, morality relative to each culture, live and let live
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universalism
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truth and morality are universal: cannot adjust behavior to circumstances without leading to relativism
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