Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
IL-1 source
|
secreted by macrophages
|
|
|
IL-1 function
|
induces acute phase reaction, fever.
|
|
|
IL-2 source
|
secreted by T cells in an autocrine fashion
|
|
|
IL-2 function
|
stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer
|
|
|
IL-3 secreted by:
|
secreted by T cells
|
|
|
IL-3 function
|
stimulates bone marrow stem cells.
|
|
|
IL-4 source
|
TH2-cells,Just activaed Nive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells
|
|
|
IL-4 function
|
involved in proliferation of B cells and the development of T cells and mast cells. Important role in allergic responses
|
|
|
IL-5 function
|
role in differentiation of B cells, eosinophil production, and IgA production
|
|
|
IL-6 secreted by:
|
induces acute phase reaction
|
|
|
Acute-phase proteins
|
class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction.
|
|
|
In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins which are:
|
IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, and TNF-alpha.
|
|
|
The liver responds by producing a large number of:
|
acute-phase reactants.
|
|
|
IL-7 function
|
involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis
|
|
|
IL-8 function
|
Neutrophil chemotaxis
|
|
|
IL-9 function
|
stimulates mast cells
|
|
|
IL-10 function
|
inhibits Th1 cytokine production
|
|
|
IL-11 function
|
acute phase protein production
|
|
|
IL-12 secreted by:
|
secreted by macrophages
|
|
|
IL-12 function
|
NK cell stimulation, Th1 cells induction
|
|
|
IL-13 function
|
Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells, inhibits Th1 cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines
|
|
|
IL-14 function
|
controls the growth and proliferation of B cells
|
|
|
IL-15
|
Induces production of Natural Killer Cells
|
|
|
IL-16
|
chemoattracts immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4
|
|
|
IL-17
|
Induces production of inflammatory cytokines
|
|
|
IL-18
|
Induces production of Interferon-Gamma (IFNγ)
|
|
|
IL-20
|
regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes
|
|
|
keratinocytes
|
the major cell type of the epidermis, making up about 90% of epidermal cells
|
|
|
IL-21
|
Induces proliferation in natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells
|
|
|
IL-22
|
Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines
|
|
|
STAT1
|
homodimers are involved in type II interferon signalling, and binds to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma Activated Sequence) promoter to induce expression of ISG (Interferon Stimulated Genes).
|
|
|
STAT3
|
tyrosine-phosphorylated and activated by a number of kinases
|
|
|
IL-23
|
Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration
|
|
|
IL-24
|
Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival
|
|
|
IL-25
|
Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion
|
|
|
IL-26
|
Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells
|
|
|
IL-27
|
Regulates the activity of B and T lymphocytes
|
|
|
IL-28
|
Plays a role in immune defense against viruses
|
|
|
IL-29
|
Plays a role in host defenses against microbes
|
|
|
IL-30
|
Forms one chain of IL-27
|
|
|
IL-31
|
May play a role in inflammation of the skin
|
|
|
IL-32
|
Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2
|
|
|
IL-33
|
Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines
|
|
|
Autocrine motility factor
|
a cytokine and tumor marker
|
|
|
Chemokines
|
a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells
|
|
|
Stem cell factor (SCF)
|
a growth factor important for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and other hematopoietic progenitor cells
|
|
|
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) secreted by:
|
glycoproteins which bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of hemopoietic stem cells and thereby activate intracellular signaling pathways which can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell
|
|
|
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF)
|
paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor.
|
|
|
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) secreted by
|
mesenchymal cells
|
|
|
Mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs
|
multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
|
|
|
hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor targets and acts primarily upon
|
epithelial cells and endothelial cells, but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells.
|
|
|
hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor a major role in:
|
embryonic organ development in adult organ regneration and wound healing
|
|
|
Interferons (IFNs)
|
natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor cells.
|
|
|
Interferons assist the immune response by
|
inhibiting viral replication within other cells of the body.
|
|
|
Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF
|
an interleukin 6 class cytokine, is a chemical in cells that affects their growth and development.
|
|
|
LIF derives its name from
|
its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukaemic cells
|
|
|
cachexia
|
loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and anorexia (a significant loss of appetite - not anorexia nervosa) in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.
|
|
|
LIF is used in
|
stem cell culture. It keeps stem cells in an undifferentiated status.
|
|
|
Lymphokines
|
a subset of cytokines that are produced by immune cells
|
|
|
Lymphokines, which are produced by T cells, direct
|
the immune system response by signaling between its cells.
|
|
|
Lymphokines attract
|
macrophages to the infected site and prepare them to attack the invaders.
|
|
|
Cytokines produced by mononuclear phagocytes are ______
|
monokines
|
|
|
Oncostatin M (OSM)
|
a pleitropic cytokine that belongs to the Interleukin 6 group of cytokines
|
|
|
Oncostatin M (OSM) closely resembles:
|
Leukemia inhibitory factor in both structure and function.
|
|
|
Oncostatin M (OSM) may also function as:
|
proving important in liver development, haematopoeisis, inflammation and possibly CNS development.
|
|
|
Osteopontin
|
Osteopontin is an extracellular structural protein and therefore an organic component of bone.
|
|
|
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
|
a biological protein that comes in three isoforms called TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3;
|
|
|
TGF-β family is part of a superfamily of proteins known as the:
|
transforming growth factor beta superfamily, which includes inhibins, activin, anti-müllerian hormone, bone morphogenetic protein, decapentaplegic and Vg-1
|
|
|
TGF beta controls pro______, differentiation, and other functions in most cell types.
|
proliferation
|
|
|
TGF beta can also act as:
|
a negative autocrine growth factor.
|
|
|
Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF-family)
|
group of cytokines family which can cause apoptosis.
|
|
|
apoptosis
|
programmed cell death (PCD
|
